G10 2Q English: Structures of an Argumentative Essay & Speech and Language Features

Strong persuasive language

To convey conviction and influence the audience's attitude.

Example: "We cannot afford to ignore this crisis. It is
imperative that we take action today."

Concessions

To show understanding of the opposing viewpoint, which
can make the speaker appear fair and reasonable.

Example: "I understand that the transition to renewable energy
may be challenging, but the long-term benefits justify the effort."

Use of analogies and metaphors

To make complex ideas more relatable or easier to understand.

Example: "Treating climate change is like fixing a leaky roof—if you ignore
the small cracks, they will eventually destroy the entire structure."

Anticipating audience concerns

To directly address the concerns or objections the audience may have, making the speaker appear more considerate and prepared.

Example: "While some may fear the economic impact of transitioning
to green energy, studies show that it will create thousands of new jobs
and stimulate growth in emerging industries."

Parrallelism

To create rhythm and reinforce key points.

Example: "We need action. We need change. We need
progress."

Sentence structure (in an argumentative essay)

- Complex sentences
- Transition devices

Evidence (in an argumentative essay)

- Cited evidence
- Data and statistics

Tone & style (in an argumentative essay)

- Academic and formal
- Logos
- Third person perspective

Engagement features (in an argumentative essay)

- Relies on text to persuade
- Dependent on readers interpretation

Language (in an argumentative essay)

- Clear and logical presentation of ideas

Sentence structure (in an argumentative speech)

- Simple and short with pauses
- Repetition and Rhetorical questions

Tone & style (in an argumentative speech)

- Conversational and engaging
- Pathos
- Directed to audience

Engagement features (in an argumentative speech)

- Body language
- Interactive
- Voice modulations

Language (in an argumentative speech)

- Figurative language

Language Features

This refers to the written elements and techniques that writers use to enhance meaning, style, tone, and the overall effectiveness of a speech.

Logical appeals (logos)

To appeal to the audience's rational thinking through logic, reason, and facts.

Example: "If we continue at this rate, the Earth's average temperature will increase by another 2°C by 2050.

Ethical appeals (ethos)

To establish the speaker's credibility,
trustworthiness, and authority on the subject.

Example: "As a scientist with over 20 years of research in
environmental studies, I can assure you that this issue requires
immediate action."

Rhetorical questions

To engage the audience by prompting them to think critically or reflect on the argument.

Example: "How many more natural disasters do we need to
witness before we take meaningful action?"

Repetition

To reinforce key points and make the argument more memorable.

Example: "We must act now, before it's too late. We must act now.
for the future of our planet. We must act now for our children and
our grandchildren."

Inclusive language

To make the audience feel involved or responsible for the issue.

Example: "Together, we can ensure a sustainable future for all of us."

Call to action

To motivate the audience to take specific actions based on the argument presented.

Example: "It's time to act—contact your representatives today
and demand that they prioritize environmental legislation."

Pronouns (in an argumentative essay)

- 3rd person pronouns

Evidence (in an argumentative speech)

- Handpicked evidence that is understandable when said aloud
- Anecdotes and stories

Pronouns (in an argumentative speech)

- 1st person pronouns
- 2nd person pronouns

Clear thesis statement

To provide the central argument or stance.

Example: "I believe that climate change is the most urgent issue
facing our planet today."

Reasoning and Evidence

To support the argument with facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions.

Example: "According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, global temperatures have risen by 1.2°C since the late
19th century."

Emotional appeals (pathos)

To invoke emotions that can influence the audience's perspective or attitude.

Example: "Imagine a world where rising sea levels have submerged
entire cities, displacing millions of people."