Art History Test #4
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91 Terms
What was the name of the hill Rome began on?
Palatine Hill
Who were the traditional founders of Rome
Romulus, Remus, and Aeneas
How many hills surround—-river
7, Tiber River
Who were the Etruscans
The pre-roman culture of Italy that connected Romans to the classical style.
What year did the Roman republic start?
509 BC
What happened to the Etruscans in 509 BC?
The Romans kicked them out
What were the Roman building techniques?
arches/vaults
What material was commonly used by Roman architects?
Concrete
An open area at the center of a Roman town where people shopped, worshipped, and participated in political or judicial activities.
Forum
What are the parts of a Roman House?
Atria (courtyard), impluvium (caught rain water), Triclinium (dining room), Tablinum (home office/archive)
What style of art did Republican portraiture focus on?
Verism/Naturalism
How many Roman styles were there?
Three
What were the three Roman styles called?
Masonry style (First), Second style, and ornamental (third)
What are some examples of republican portraiture?
Full sized statues, busts, carved heads, reliefs, and likenesses on coins and carved gemstones.
What was republican portraiture known to include due to its naturalistic style?
Wrinkles, age. The Romans respected the wisdom that came with age.
Who was Livia?
Third wife of Augustus
What was the garden room of Livia?
A painted room depicting a garden in the second style on all four walls.
What is the Villa of Mysteries
An impressive Roman residence known for its intriguing wall paintings in the second style. it depicts the Bacchanalian mystery rite.
Roman Baths
Caldarium, Tepidarium, Frigidarium, Natatio
Who founded the early imperial period?
Octavian (Augustus)
What is the Ara Pacis Augustae?
One of the most important monuments of the Roman era. Means ‘alter of Augustan peace’.
What pose and style was the statue of Augustus in Prima Porta in?
Contrapposto, It also was not naturalistic.
What are the names of the two surviving aqueducts?
Pont-Du-Gard, Seville
Who was Nero?
The final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, a very cruel man.
What famous house did Nero build?
The golden house
What was the Julio-Claudian dynasty?
The first five emperors of the Roman empire
Who were the Flavians?
The second dynasty
Who built the colosseum?
Vespasian
What is another name for the colosseum?
The Flavian Amphitheater
Who was Titus?
Vespasian’s son, He dedicated the amphitheater by having games for 100 days.
What was the arch of Titus?
Built after his death by his brother, portrayed his victories during the Jewish wars.
Who was Domitian?
Titus’ brother, built the arch of Titus
Where was Trajan born?
Spain
What is the Trajan forum?
Composed of multiple buildings to show military and economic success.
What is the column of Trajan?
Propaganda, depicts his victories during the Dacian war.
What was the Dacian war?
A conflict between the Roman empire and the Dacian kingdom.
What was the basilica of Trajan?
It functioned as a court of law.
Who was Hadrian?
Hellenophile, his ideals shifted Rome from combat to classical learning.
Who built the Pantheon?
Hadrian
The best preserved and most innovative building in all of the Roman empire.
The Pantheon
What is a rotunda?
A cylindrical building, or a cylinder shaped room in a bigger building.
What is an oculus?
A round, eye-like opening in a ceiling or roof.
What is a Coffer?
A recessed panel in a ceiling?
Who was Marcus Aurelius?
Another Roman emperor who depicted himself with a beard similar to Hadrian.
What sculpture is the last remaining preserved of 22 known of its kind?
The equestrian portrait of Marcus Aurelius
Who were the Sevrans?
Great builders and patrons of art.
Who was Septimius Severus
An army general who became emperor.
Who was Caracalla?
Son of Septimius Severus, killed his brother Geta.
What race was Septimius Severus?
North African
What was Leptis Magna?
Birthplace of Septimius Severus. It was a port city.
Who were the soldier emperors?
A series of emperors who weren’t elected but proclaimed by soldiers. They were often associated (Lived as rulers a few months to rarely a year).
What is a Tetrarch?
The rule of four emperors.
What was the name of the two who ruled the western and eastern empire?
Diocletian and Maximian
Who was Diocletian?
The last soldier emperor, one of the tetrarchs.
The biggest bath complex in Rome.
Baths of Diocletian (Now the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli)
What Roman portrait style showed the four co-emperors?
tetriarch group portrait
Which Roman emperor ended the persecution of the Christians?
Constantine
What feat did Constantine accomplish?
He became the sole emperor of Rome after the tetriarchs and unified the east and west.
What was the arch of Constantine?
A sculpture that shows the accomplishments of Constantine during the civil war.
What is the basilica of Constantine?
Completed basilica of Maxentius, it was one of the largest buildings in Rome. It was also an assembly hall and Court of law.
What is the colossal sculpture?
A 30ft tall sculpture of Constantine in the basilica of Constantine,
What was the capital of Constantine’s empire?
Constantinople
What is Dura-Europos?
It was a trading post village on the banks of the Euphrates river in present day Syria.
What is Mithraeum?
The religion of Dura-Europos.
What does the Dura-Europos tabernacle have?
Synagogue imagery.
What was the House-Church used for?
worship/teaching, baptisms
Who is the Good Shepherd?
Jesus
What are the Catacombs?
The first burial place of Christians.
What is Loculus?
A niche within a catacomb.
What is a Cubiculum?
A small room in a Roman house.
What is a Basilica?
A church building that has been given special privileges by the pope and is distinguished from other churches for ceremonial purposes.
What mosaic does Santa Pudenziana have?
Middle places Jesus with inlaid gold tiles.
What are mosaics?
Art pieces made with terracotta, stone, glass, and silver/gold.
What is Santa Maria Maggiore?
It is one of the biggest Roman churches that has remarkable mosaics.
What is a triumphal arch?
Built to commemorate a military victory and other significant events.
What is important about the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassius?
It has scenes from the bible (new and old testament).
What is old St, Peters basilica?
The original church was built on the site of saint peter’s burial. Later it is demolished and then new St. Peter’s is built.
Nave
Where the congregation meets.
Narthex
antechamber
Aisles
Runs alongside the nave.
Transept
Crosses the nave at the top.
Apse
Houses the altar, semicircle.
Clerestory
Admits light into the central parts of the building.
What is an ambulatory?
An aisle/walkway that runs behind the high altar.
What is Santa Sabina?
One of the earliest Christian buildings.
What is important about Santa Sabina’s doors?
They have holy images on them, such as the crucifixion of Jesus.
What are Mausoleums?
Roman tombs built to commemorate the deceased.
What is Santa Constanza?
A church created for Constantine’s daughter who was known enough as a Christian to be known as a saint.
What is a central plan?
A type of design that is organized around a vertical axis.
Iconoclasm
The destruction of icons.
Vellum/Parchment
Made of animal hides.