Adams+chap+14+%28Anxiety%29+partial

What are the two classifications of anxiety?

Primary and Secondary.

What characterizes primary anxiety?

It is not caused by a medical condition or drug use and is managed with short-term anxiolytics.

What is secondary anxiety related to?

It is related to selected drug use, medical, or psychiatric conditions.

Name one of the most common psychological illnesses.

Anxiety disorders.

List three types of anxiety disorders.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

What are panic attacks characterized by?

Intense, overwhelming anxiety, palpitations, chest pain, and fear of dying.

What is the first-line treatment for anxiety?

Anxiolytics and anti-anxiety drugs.

What nonpharmacologic strategies may be used for anxiety?

Therapy, relaxation techniques, support groups.

What is a key risk associated with benzodiazepines?

Dependence.

How long should benzodiazepines be taken?

For 2-3 weeks at most.

Which neurotransmitter do benzodiazepines enhance?

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).

What are common side effects of benzodiazepines?

Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and confusion.

What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil.

What does flumazenil do?

It is a GABA antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose.

What are withdrawal symptoms from benzodiazepines?

Tremor, agitation, nervousness, sweating, insomnia.

What medication is primarily used for General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Buspirone.

How is buspirone different from benzodiazepines?

It has less dependence, less sedation, and lower abuse potential.

What should be avoided when taking buspirone?

Grapefruit juice.

What is a key concern when a patient is withdrawing from benzodiazepines?

Symptoms can develop slowly and include seizures and psychosis.

What should a nurse assess for in a patient with anxiety?

Signs and symptoms of anxiety like restlessness and increased heart rate.

What should patients be warned against when taking anxiolytics?

Driving and hazardous activities.

What is essential to do when tapering off benzodiazepines?

Taper off slowly over several days.

What medication class ends with 'pam'?

Benzodiazepines.

Name two benzodiazepines mentioned in the notes.

Lorazepam and clonazepam.

How long does it take for buspirone to show effects?

1-2 weeks.

What are common adverse reactions to anxiolytics?

Drowsiness, lethargy, disorientation, and nausea.

What should patients avoid when taking benzodiazepines?

Alcohol and other CNS depressants.

What is the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders?

Anxiolytics and anti-anxiety drugs.