CHAPTER 2 FORENSIC SCIENCE MAJOR TEST REVIEW

District Attorney (DA)

District Attorney (DA)

This is person is often present to help determine if any search warrants are required to proceed and obtains those warrants from a judge.

Locard's Exchange Principle

This is whenever two objects come in contact with one another, a cross transfer of physical evidence occur.

modus operandi

The characteristic ways that a criminal goes about a crime is called his/her...

mechanism

This is an injury or disease that results in a person's death is the

Notes, photograph, Sketches, videography

4 Ways to Document a Crime Scene (in order)

Money, Emotion, Revenge

3 reasons why people commit a crim (any order)

CSI Unit

documents the crime scene in detail and collects any physical evidence

Police Officers

usually the first to arrive at a crime scene; responsible for securing the scene and detaining persons of interest

Medical Examiner

determines the preliminary cause of death at the crime scene and conducts the autopsy

Search warrant

is what an officer or detective needs before he investigates a scene or removes evidence from the crime scene

True

The 4th step in the 7 S's of a crime scene investigation is "Seeing the Scene".

Secure the scene, Separate the witnesses, Scan the scene, See the scene, Sketch the scene, Search for evidence, Secure and collect evidence

7 S's of a crime scene investigation IN ORDER

True

Videotaping of a crime scene is inadmissible (not allowed) in court.

True

Charred debris (burned items) from an arson scene should be packaged in air tight glass jars.

False

Note taking is done AFTER all crime scene processing has been completed.

True

Blood stained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags.

Spiral

This search method may move inward or outward; best used where there are no physical barriers.

Grid

This search method is a double line search; effective, but time consuming

Wheel/Ray

This is a search method best on on a small, circular crime scenes.

Quadrant/Zone

This search method most effective in houses or buildings, teams are assigned small areas for searching.

Linear

This search method is best in large, outdoor scenes

Interview, Examine, Photograph, Sketch, and Proces

What are the five (5) steps used to analyze a crime scene.

Searching the Evidence

Which one below is the 6th step of the 7 S's ofa Crime Scene Investigation?

Assess the crime scene, detain the witness, arrest the perpetrator, protect the crime scene, take notes

The police offlcer that is first on the scene must ADAPT - what does the acronym stand for?

CSI Unit

They document the crime scene in detail and collects any physical evidence.

Rough Sketch

This is a sketch drawn at the crime scene, that contains an accurate depiction of the dimensions of the scene and shows the location of all objects having a bearing on the case.

Separate the Witness

Which one below is the 2nd step of the 7 S's of a Crime Scene Investigation?

Clockwise direction

When taking pictures of a crime scene should be taken in a...

Evidence Markers

These are used to mark and illustrate the items of evidence at a crime scene.

Eyewitness Misidentification

This is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in nearly 75% of convictions being overturned through DNA.

standard/reference sample

This is physical evidence whose origin is known, such as blood or hair from a suspect, that can be compared to crime-scene evidence.

See the Scene

Which one below is the 4th step of the 7 S's of a Crime Scene Investigation?

physical evidence

This is any object that can establish that a crime has or has not been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator.

finished sketch

This is a precise rendering of the scene, usually drawn to scale.

Detective

This person interviews witnesses and consults with the CSI unit. They investigate the crime by following leads provided by witnesses and physical evidence.

direct evidence

This is evidence that (if true) proves an alleged face, such as an eye-witness account of a crime.

trace evidence

This is a small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material that is found at the crime scene. Ex: strand of hair, fingerprints, DNA, drop of blood.

circumstantial evidence

This is (indirect evidence) evidence used to imply a fact but not to prove it directly.

substrate control

This is uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been deposited.

Forensic Examiner

This is a person who recognizes, collects and eventually analyzes trace evidence to help solve a crime.

Securing and Collecting Evidence

Which one below is the 7th step of the 7 S's of a Crime Scene Investigation?

photograph unit

This is a person who takes photos of the overall area and close up photos with and without measuring ruler.

Medical Examiner/coroner

Depending if it is a homicide this person may or may not be present to determine a preliminary cause of death

Drawn AFTER photos are taken

Typically, rough sketches are NOT which of the following?

Initials/name of artist

Which of the following is NOT included in a final sketch as stated in the presentation?

overhead sketch

Which of the following is the most common type of sketch?

Three-dimensional sketch

Which type of sketch is most likely to include animation?

Observe and plan; Measure area and evidence locations; Make notes; Identify sketch with a legend and a scale

The steps of the crime scene sketching process in order

shell casing

Which of the following is an example of ballistic evidence?

baseline

Which type of mapping is the most basic, easiest and least accurate?

Triangulation

Which type of mapping requires taking at least four measurements for each piece of evidence?

Legend

Which of the following is used so a reader can understand the symbols used in the sketch?

head, hands, feet, elbows, knees, chest, sometimes elbows

Measurements are usually taken from

Final Sketch

What type of sketch are you looking at on the diagram below?

Rough Sketch

What type of sketch are you looking at on the diagram below?

Rough Sketch

What type of sketch are you looking at on the diagram below?

Final Sketch

What type of sketch are you looking at on the diagram below?

Polar/grid

Which type of mapping is being used in the diagram below?

Zone/quadrant

In a car which method of search would be best?

Baseline

Which type of mapping is being used in the diagram above?

Testimonial

this is evidence that includes eyewitness accounts of an incident or crime.