Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to carbohydrates, including their structures, types, and functions.

Monosaccharides

The simplest carbohydrates, also known as sugars.

Polysaccharides

Macromolecules made up of multiple monosaccharide units.

Glycosidic linkage

The bond formed between two monosaccharides during polymerization.

Starch

A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.

Glycogen

A polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.

Cellulose

A structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants.

Chitin

A structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeletons of arthropods.

Peptidoglycan

A polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of bacteria.

Energy Storage

The function of carbohydrates like glucose, starch, and glycogen to store energy.

Cell Identity

The role of carbohydrates in enabling cells to recognize each other through glycoproteins.