AP Word History Unit 3 Review (Heimler's History)

What are the main land based empires?

1. Qing Dynasty

2. Mughal Empire

3. Ottoman Empire

4. Safavid or Songhai Empire

5. Aztec Empire

What are the four ways land based empires consolidated their power?

By centralizing their bureaucracy, their reliance on collecting takes from subjects, creating giant military complexes, and adopting or solidifying religion, art, and monumental architecture

What did the Aztec Empire do to consolidate their power?

1. They relied less on centralized government and consolidated power through TRIBUTE SYSTEM- tributes states would offer different good demanded by the Empire

What is one example of how the Aztecs portrayed their power to the people?

Through the act of human sacrifice

What did the Qing Dynasty do to consolidate power?

1. Reintroduced the Civil Service Exam (after Manchu takeover) = Chinese leader thinking and believing the same

What is one example of how the Qing Dynasty portrayed its power to the the people?

They commissioned portraits of emperors and high officials as propaganda

What did the Ottoman Empire do to consolidate power?

1. Devshirme System- System is which the Ottomans forced young Christian boys from the Balkans and Southern Europe, giving them a education, and then having them serve in bureaucratic role or Janesaries military officials > created government fiercely loyal to the sultan

2. Created a system of tax farming- group of people that collected taxes as well as taking some profit for themselves

What did the Mughal Empire do to consolidate power?

1. Mughal emperors appointed Zamindars (government officials) to collects taxes

What is one example of how the Mughal Empire portrayed its power to the people?

Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal to be built as a tomb for his wife

Sends a message of superiority to his people

What did the Safavid/ Songhai Empire do to consolidate power?

1. Consolidated power through their control over trade routes, alliances, and military expansion

2. Created a branch of military called Ghulams - enslaved people that were fiercely loyal to the Shah or leader of the Safavid/ Songhai Empire

What is one European example of monumental architecture (hint: King of France)

Louis XIV's Palace of Versailles

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A movement that challenged the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church in Europe leading to a lasting split between Catholics and Protestants

What was the Safavid + Ottoman Religious Conflict?

Two neighboring Muslim states belonging to two different branches of Islam- Sunni ad Shi'a

Ottomans- Sunni (religious leader should be elected)

Safavid- Shi'a (religious leader should be decedent of Muhammad)

= Creation of the two branches of Islam + SPLIT of the religion of ISLAM