PSY 324- Chapter 7

Long term memory is divided into what two types of memory?

Declarative and Nondeclarative

Is Declarative Memory a type of implicit or explicit memory?

Explicit memory

What is episodic memory?

Memory of experiences from specific and personally experienced events

What is semantic memory?

A record of facts, meaning, and concepts and knowledge of the world we have acquired independent of personal experience

What is non-declarative memory also called?

Implicit memory

What is procedural memory focused on?

skills and habits

What does priming refer to?

Subconsciously cued words, objects, concepts

What is classical conditioning?

Subconsciously learned responses to stimuli

What are the two ways to retrieve information from memory?

Through recall and recognition

What is the crucial role of retrieval paths?

They depend on context,state,emotion, and have a starting and ending point

True/False: Connections serve as retrieval paths

True

What is context dependent learning?

Recall is best if done in the same room/setting where the initial learning happened

What is “encoding specificity”?

What is remembered is the stimulus with its context

What are two things that go into memory?

A record of material you’ve encountered and the connections you made during that initial learning

True/False: If you cue a memory, the cue is effective only if it’s congruent with what was stored in memory

True

True/False: Different parts of your brain are engaged when you first experience something and again when you remember that time

False, the same parts are engaged

What did the word “Node” derive from?

Nodus

What is memory best thought of as?

A vast network of ideas

True/False: Nodes are tied to each other via connections called “associations’

True

True/False: Nodes can be thought of as flashlights

False, lightbulbs

What is spreading activation?

Further activation in the network happening as each nodes gets activated and fired

True/False: Recall is a direct memory test, so it isn’t a standard recognition test

False, it is a standard recognition test

What is explicit or declarative memory?

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

How to test explicit memory?

Through direct memory testing

What is direct memory testing?

Testing that urges you to remember the past

How to test implicit memory?

Through indirect memory testing

What is indirect memory testing?

Testing when your current behavior is influenced by a past event, but there may be an unawareness of this

When a stimulus is ___________, people want to know why it was easy and acquite a feeling of specialness about it

easy to perceive

3 steps of the processing pathway

the use of a pathway strengthens it, it becomes more efficient, it becomes faster

Retrograde amnesia vs Anterograde amnesia

You can’t remember things from the past, You can’t remember things from the future

True/False: Both types of amnesia are involved in a blow to the head

True

What is Korsakoff’s Amnesia and what is it caused by?

Chronic memory disorder that is caused by a vitamin B-1 (thiamine) deficiency, caused by alcohol misuse

How does the cognitive interview work?

It relies on context reinstatement- investigator tells witness to go back to the setting of target and think about the event