Weathering/Erosion Scope Summative Review

weathering

all the chemical and physical processes that break down rock on the earth's surface

mechanical weathering

type of weathering in which rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces

chemical weathering

process that breaks down rocks through chemical changes

sand

the tiniest rock particles made from the weathering of larger rocks

soil

loose, weathered rock material on the Earth's surface to which organic materials have been added

ice wedging

process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands

oxidation

chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen

acid rain

a mixture of air pollution and rain water

carbonic acid

carbon dioxide that is mixed with water to form an acid

stalactite

limestone dissolved by acid that forms an upside down cone hanging from the ceiling

stalagmite

limestone dissolved by acid that forms a cone building upward from the ground of an underground cave

erosion

process of water, glaciers, wind, or gravity moving weathered rock or soil

sediments

loose rock particles that have been moved by erosion

deposition

process in which sediments are laid down in new locations

runoff

water flowing over the Earth's surface as a result of rainfall of melting snow/ice

glaciers

huge masses of moving ice and snow on land

permeable rock

rock that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that water can seep through

surface features

Distinctive part, quality, or characteristic of the Earth's outer layer

underground formations

Areas of Earth that form caverns, which are typically made of limestone

cavern

a large cave

wind erosion

when the wind picks up dirt and dust and moves it from one place to another

water erosion

when streams, river, and oceans cut into the land wearing away the soil and rocks moving them elsewhere.

glacial erosion

the process by which glaciers cut, carve or scratch the earth's surface

gravity erosion

it causes water and glaciers to move downhill and particles carried by wind and water to settle. it can also cause landslides and mudflows; surface water

geoscience process

Any natural process that happens to Earth's surface,such as weathering, erosion, or plate tectonics