Ch 13 - Biomechanics and Ergonomics

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD)

Injuries that occur in radiologic and medical imaging sciences professionals due to lifting, rolling, or manipulating and positioning equipment.

Medical specialty with highest rate of work related injuries

Sonography

Stability muscles

Trunk/torso, keeps body stable

Mobility muscles

Extremeties for movement

Body Mechanics

The safe and proper way to move patients to increase job safety and minimize injury.

Incidence of injury

Can be decreased with training, improvements in technology, and a culture of safety.

Base of Support

The area between the feet that provides stability; a wider base enhances stability.

Center of Gravity

The theoretical point where the body’s mass is concentrated, typically at the level of the second sacral segment.

Good body mechanics

1. good posture

2. keep body’s line of balance close to center of gravity

3. hold objects close to body

4. don’t bend your knees

5. don’t twist your trunk

6. push not pull

Lifting Principles

Maintaining a straight back and using the knees.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A sudden drop in blood pressure due to changes in body position, often leading to dizziness or fainting.

Transfer Techniques

Methods for efficiently moving patients that require teamwork and communication.

Standby-Assist Transfer

Used for patients who can transfer with some assistance.

Hydraulic Lifts

Assistive devices used for transferring patients who are too heavy to lift manually.

Skin Damage from Transfers

Can occur in a short time due to friction or pressure on the skin, especially in the elderly.

Assisted Standing Pivot Transfer

For patients who can’t stand independently but can bear weight on their legs

Most important part of a cart transfer

Make sure cart wheels are locked/immovable

Patient Positioning Considerations

1. if they can do it, let them

2. communication is key

3. have patients give themselves a hug before you start to prevent grabbing

4. always roll patient towards you

Recumbent patient positions

1. supine

2. prone

3. lateral

4. sims

5. fowler

Fowler position

Patient is on their back but head is elevated. Need to move head down

Sims position

Lateral but with one leg/knee crossed over their body