Organic Chemistry: Functional groups

Alcohol

Alkane

Alkene

Alkyne

Ether

Ketone

Halogen

Carboxyl

Aldehyde

Thioether

Ester

Phenyl

Sulfhydryl

Nitro

Pyridyl

Amide

Amine

Benzyl

Phosphinane

Acetyl

Alcohol

R-OH

aldehyde

R-C(=O)H

alkane

C-C

alkene

C=C

alkyne

C≡C

amide

O=C-NH2

amine

R-C-NH2

carboxylic acid

contains a terminal O=C-OH group

ester

contains an internal O=C-O- group

ether

R-O-R

halide

C-and 1- ion formed from a group VII element

ketone

RC(=O)R

Acid Chloride

Alcohol

Aldehyde

Alkane

Consists of R-H

Alkene

Double bond between the carbons.

Alkyl Halide

Alkyne

Amide

Amine

Anhydride

Aromatic Compound

Carboxylic Acid

Ester

Ether

Ketone

Nitrile

Sulfide

S has single bond with two R.

Thiol

Thioester

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl

Not OH connected to carbonyl, that is a carboxylic acid.

alkene

alkyne

arene

alkyl chloride

alcohol

ether

amine

aldehyde

ketone

carboxylic acid

acid chloride

ester

amide

Carboxylic acid

Secondary Imide (acidic)

R1 = H

Primary and Secondary Sulfonamides (acidic)

at least one H on N

Phenol (acidic)

Amine (basic)

Piperidine (basic)

Pyridine (basic)

Aniline (basic)

Cyclohexylamine (basic)

Pyrole (neutral)

Alcohol (neutral)

Ketone (neutral)

Ether (neutral)

Ester (neutral)

Amide (neutral)

Aldehyde (neutral)

Tertiary Imides (neutral)

R1/2/3 = alkyl groups

Tertiary Sulfonamides (neutral)

R1/2/3 = alkyl groups

Quaternary Ammonium Salts (neutral)

Protonated amine (acidic)

At least one R = H