Chapters 2 & 3: Inorganic Chem

identity

protons cast ________ to elements - only one type of atom

compounds

different elements combined in specific proportions

valence

____________ electrons signify how many electrons an atom can gain or lose

tendency; types; reactivity

electrons give atoms personality:

• ___________ to bond

• ________ of bonds

• _____________

polar covalent bond

type of bond where electrons are shared UNEQUALLY between atoms

bigger; electronegative

water has polar covalent bonds because O ion is __________ than H ions and is highly _______________-

electronegativity

attraction for the electrons in a particular atom in a covalent bond 

oxygen; hydrogen

in water ____________ is attracting electrons from ____________

strong

covalent bonds are relatively _________ (organic environments)

strong; weak

ionic bonds are __________ in dry environments and _______ in aqueous environments

attraction

the bond in ionic compounds in the attraction between oppositely charged ions

hydration shell

water molecules surrounding other polar substances

metabolism

all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism

catabolic

reactions that use complex reactants and produce more simple products

breaking; respiration

Catabolic reactions:

• ____________ bonds

• Ex: ____________

anabolic

reactions that start with simple reactants and produce complex products 

building; photosynthesis

Anabolic reactions:

• ____________ bonds

• Ex: ______________

digestion, sodium potassium pump, osmosis, transport

things water is used for within the human body

high specific heat

ability of water to absorb heat energy

high specific heat

water’s __________________ stabilizes aquatic environments

hot; cool

plants get _____ and can ______ themselves

cohesion; adhesion

capillary action is driven by _____________ and _____________

evapotranspiration

the process by which water travels from a plant’s roots through capillary action through the xylem to the leaves where it is released into the atmosphere

lysosome

a water soluble (mobile) protein with antibacterial action; exists in tears and saliva to fight infection

polar; ionic

lysosomes have _____ and _______regions that determine its shape

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

lysosomes have ____________ and _____________ regions that create protein slopes on its surface

tenfold

for each unit on the pH scale, there is a __________ change in H+ ions

buffers

_________ act as weak acids or weak bases and prevent rapid changes in pH

negative

maintaining a constant blood pH is a _____________ feedback system (maintains a set point)

carbon dioxide; oxygen

pH of blood goes down if more ________________ and goes up if less ____________

7.4

pH of blood MUST be ______

bicarbonate ion

blood buffer

flat; sweat; blood; surface

When it’s hot:

• Hairs lie _____ on the skin and trap less air

• ______ evaporates from the skin surface

• arterioles bring more _________ to capillaries

• more blood is brought to __________ capillaries

decreases

as high energy water molecules evaporate the average temp of water left behind ____________