Ch 53 Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography

1. The assessment of the fetus to determine fetal well-being, including an evaluation of a cardiac nonstress test and the observation of fetal breathing movement, gross fetal body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume, is known as which one of the following?
a) APGAR score
b) non stress test
c) biophysical profile
d) reflex index

Biophysical profile

2. Asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may show all of the following except:
a) placental problem
b) head measurements correlating with dates
c) body diporportionating smaller
d) body and head small for dates

Body and head small for dates

3. The normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) should range between ___________ centimeters (cm)
a) 1-5
b) 5-8
c) 7-16
d) 8-22

8 to 22

4. Which one of the following measurements incorporates several fetal growth parameters such as BPD, head circumference (HC), AC, and femur length (FL)?
a) estimated fetal weight
b) IUGR
c)BPP
d) fetal growth chart

Estimated fetal weight (EFW)

5. One of the growth problems of the diabetic fetus is which one of the following abnormalities
a. small for gestational age
b. macrosomia
c. microsomia
d. symmetric IUGRs

Macrosomia

6. Significant maternal risk factors for IUGR include all of the following except:
a. History of a fetus with IUGR
b. Significant hypotension
c. History of tobacco use
d. Significant placenta hemorrhage

Significant hypotension

7. Clinical observations for IUGR include all of the following except:
a. increased fundal height
b. decreased fetal motion
c. grade 3 fetal placenta before 36 wks
d. decreased placental thickness

Increased fundal height

8. Which one of the following statements about IUGR is false?
: a) the BPD used alone is a poor indicator of IUGR
b) the HC:AC ratio is used for determining the type of IUGR
c) the FL may decrease in size with symetric IUGR
d) the FL:AC ration is a good positive indication predictive value of IUGR

The FL:AC ratio is a good positive predictive value of IUGR.

9. Which one of the following statements about amniotic fluid is false
a) oligohydramnios occurs if the fetus cannot urinate
b) oligohyrdramnios develops if the fetus cannot swallow
c)an amniotic fluid pocket greater than 5 cm may represent IUGR
d. not all oligohydramnios are associated with IUGR

An amniotic fluid pocket greater than 5 cm may represent IUGR

10. An increased incidence of morbidity and mortality as the result of head and shoulder injuries is found in which one of the following
?
a. microcosmic fetus
b. neural tube fetus
c. macrosomic fetus
d. fetus with radial dysplasia

Macrosomic fetus

11. IUGR is most commonly defined as a fetal birth weight __________ for a given gestational age
a) below 10%
b). at or below 10%
c). at or below 5%
d). below the 5%

At or below the 10%

12. Which one of the following is not a parameter of a biophysical profile?
a) non stress test
b). amniotic fluid volume
c). fetal swallowing
d). fetal breathing movement

Fetal swallowing

13. Increased vascular resistance to the fetus is reflected by a(n) _____________
a). decrease in systolic-tp-diastolic S/D ration
b). decrease in pulsality index
c). increase in the S/D ratio
d). decrease in both the S/D ration and the plurality index

Increase in the S/D ratio

14. An S/D ratio of the umbilical artery can be used to evaluate fetal well-being:
a) beginning 20 wks gestation
b) after 25 wks gestation
c. after 30 wks gestation
d. throughout pregnancy

After 30 weeks' gestation

15. Macrosomia is defined as a birth weight of which one of the following?
a) above 90% for estimated gestational age
b). above 3900 grams
c). above 95% for estimated gestational age
d). at or above 95% for estimated gestational age

Above 90% for estimated gestational age

16. The S/D ratio cannot be measured when which one of the following conditions is present
a). diastolic flow is continuous
b). systolic flow exceed 100 cm/sec
c). acceleration time is decreased
d). diastolic flow is absent

Diastolic flow is absent.

17. The single most useful biometric parameter to assess fetal growth is which one of the following parameters
a) BPD
b) chest circumference
c) AC
d.) FL

AC

18. Calculating a macrosomic index can be performed by subtracting the __________ from the ___________.

BPD; chest circumference

19. The placenta of the macrosomic fetus can become which one of the following?
a). significantly thin
b). significantly calcified
c). extremely small
d). significantly large

Significantly large

20. Symmetric IUGR is usually the result of which one of the following?
a) second trimester infection
b). placental insufficiency
c). first trimester insult
d) maternal renal disease

First-trimester insult

21. Asymmetric IUGR is usually caused by which one of the following?
a). chromosomal abnormalities
b). maternal malnutrition
c). placental insuffiency
d). fetal alcohol syndrome

Placental insufficiency

22. The single most sensitive indicator of IUGR is which one of the following?
a) last menstrual period
b) FL
c) HC:AC ratio
d) AC

AC

23. Assessing amniotic fluid volume using the sum of four quadrants is called which one of the following
a) AFI
b) amniotic fluid volume
c) totale uterine volume
d) pocket idex

AFI

24. An AFI of 9 cm is considered which one of the following?
? a). polyhydramnios
b) oligohydramnios
c) within lower limits of the moral amniotic fluid volume
d) premature rupture of membranes

Within lower limits of the normal amniotic fluid volume

25. Which one of the following fetal body organs is most severely affected by IUGR?
a) brain
b) liver
c) kidney
d) heart

Liver