physics saat ch10: nuclear physics

nucleus contains

protons and neutrons

protons have which charge

positive charge

neutrons have which charge

the atomic symbol is represented by

X

the symbol for mass number is —— and it is located at the —

A, at the top of the symbol

the symbol for atomic number is ———— and its located at the ———

Z, located at the bottom of the symbol

atomic number equals the number of

protons / electrons

mass number equals the number of

neutrons and protons

number of neutrons formula

A-Z

charge of the nucelus=

Ze (atomic number x electron charge)

charge of the electron is

1.6×10^-19 c

nucleons

particles inside the nucleus that include protons and neutrons

where do nucleons exist

in the nucleus

what do nucleons in an atom form

most of its mass

isotopes

two forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

isotopes do not differ in

atomic number

an isotope in particular is a ——— form of the element

radioactive

mass of isotopes depends on

mass number

the isotope that has a greater number of neutrons has the — mass

greater mass

isotopes of the same element have the same

chemical properties

atomic mass of an element is the

average of isotope masses

the main factor which estimates the stability of the nucleus is the

ratio of protons to neutrons

strong nuclear force

force that holds the nucleons together inside the nucleus

nuclear energy formula

e=mc²

nuclear energy unit

joules

mass difference

difference between mass of the separated nucleons and the mass of the nucleus

the main factor to estimate the stability of atoms is the

ratio of neutrons to protons

nuclear decay is also known as

radioactive decay

the resulting nuclei of decay have a —— mass and are ——- in energy , therefore they are —— stable than the parent nucelus that decayed

lower mass and are lower in energy, therefore they are more stable

the nuclear radiations:

alpha, beta, gamma

alpha particle consists of

two protons and two neutrons

alpha particle is equivalent to

nucleus of the helium atom

alpha particle charge is

+2(3.2×10^-19) c

in the electric field, alpha particles deviate to the positive/negative plate

negative plate

alpha decay is when ————, then the mass number ———by—-and the atomic number ——-by—-

the nucleus emits an alpha particle

mass number decreases by 4

atomic number decreases by 2

beta particle is an

electron

beta particle’s charge is

-1(1.6×10^-19) c

beta particle mass number

in the electric field, beta particle deviates into the positive/negative plate

beta decay produces from decay of —- to the ——— and emits —————

in beta decay:

mass number:

atomic number:

produced is a:

gamma ray is

gamma ray’s charge

gammas response to the electric field

in gamma decay, the energy of the nucleus is

gamma decay:

mass number change:

atomic number change:

nuclear reaction is a

in any case, the bombarding particle in nuclear reactions must have —— to approach the ———- nucleus to within range of ———

types of nuclear reactions (3)

conservation of mass number in the nuclear reaction

conservation of atomic number in the nuclear reaction

half life time

a specific halftime is present for each

radioactivity

decay rate depends on 2 things:

neutron decay is when —- turns into —- and —- and —-

proton decay is when —- turns into —- and —- and ——

positron is also known as

positron is

nuclear particles detectors: (2)

quarks

graviton

gravitons are anologous to the well established — of the EM field

gravitons, like —-, mass is

gravitons charge is

gravitons travel at which speed