Anatomy of Joints: Types, Structures, and Movements chapter 9

Joints

Where 2 bones come together

Synarthrosis

No movement

Amphiarthrosis

Slight movement

Diarthrosis

Freely movable

Structural Classification

Based on type of tissue between the bones

Functional Classification

Based on amount of movement

Fibrous Joints

Made of collagen fibers

Syndesmosis

A type of fibrous joint

Gomphosis

A type of fibrous joint

Sutures

Fibrous joints that ossify and become Synostosis

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints that include fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage

Intervertebral Discs

Fibrocartilage

Pubic Symphysis

Fibrocartilage

Synovial Joints

Always diarthrotic joints

Fibrous Capsule

Dense irregular CT; continuous with periosteum

Synovial Membrane

Areolar CT covered by a few scattered cells

Synovial Fluid

Secreted by synovial membrane; reduces friction between bones; composed of Hyaluronic acid

Bursa

Membrane bound pocket filled with synovial fluid

Tendon Sheath

A bursa that extends along a tendon for some distance

Range of Motion

Movement at a joint is affected by soft tissue, shapes of condyles, and ligaments

Gliding Joints

Flat surfaces slide across one another with very little movement

Hinge Joints

Permit angular motion in a single plane; allows Flexion/Extension

Ball & Socket Joints

Allows Flexion/extension, Abduction/adduction, Rotation, Circumduction

Elipsoid Joint

Allows Flexion/extension, Abduction/adduction, Circumduction

Saddle Joint

Allows Flexion/Extension, Abduction/adduction, Circumduction, Opposition

Knee Joint

Reinforced by Lateral & Medial Collateral Ligaments, ACL & PCL, and Meniscus

Shoulder Joint

Ball & socket joint; unstable and shallow; held in place by ligaments

Hip Joint

Ball and Socket Joint; stabilized by ligaments and supporting muscles

Sprain

Ligaments at joints stretch and some of collagen fibers are torn

Strain

Tendons or muscles are stretched

Dislocation

The articulating surfaces are forced out of place