bio 2 exam review

Which of the following structures widens the geographic range of species and is an agent of dispersal?

seeds

describe two major adaptations that allowed seed plants to colonize land successfully?

2 adaptations that enabled seed plants to colonize land successfully were seeds and pollen, which allowed for reproduction and dispersal independent of water and protected the embryo.

Which group of seed plants produce flowers and fruit ?

Angiosperms

Which is the main advantage of pollen in seed plants?

allows them to reproduce and develop without relying on water

Which period is associated with the appearance of seed plants?

Carboniferous period

flower diagram

label the parts of the flower

Phylogenetic Tree of vertebrates

A close example

Explain some of the advantages brought about through the evolution of bilateral symmetry and coelom formation.

Bilateral symmetry allowed for more efficient, directed movement

While the coelom facilitated complex organ development and provided cushioning for internal organs.

During embryonic development, unique cell layers develop into specific groups of tissues or organs during which stage?

Gastrula stage

Which of the following is NOT a feature common to most animals?

Asexual reproduction

Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms?

The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves

Diagram of land plants

just a example

Explain alternation of generations in land plants

A life cycle where plants alternate between a haploid gametophyte (producing gametes) and a diploid sporophyte (producing spores) generation

Which group of seedless vascular plants include ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns?

Monilophytes

Explain the role of seed plants in terrestrial ecosystem

Seed plants are crucial in terrestrial ecosystems, playing vital roles in stabilizing soils, cycling nutrients, providing habitats and food for various organisms, and influencing climate through carbon sequestration and oxygen release

What are the 2 main types of vascular tissue and what are their functions?

*Xylem:

Function: Transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Structure: Composed of dead cells (tracheids and vessel elements) that are strengthened by lignin, providing structural support as well.

Direction of Transport: Upward, from roots to the rest of the plant.

*Phloem:

Function: Transports sugars (produced during photosynthesis) and other nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Structure: Composed of living cells (sieve elements) that are connected end-to-end, forming a continuous pathway for transport.

Direction of Transport: Can be both upward and downward, depending on the plant's needs.

Which of the following is a characteristic of horsetails

Jointed stems containing silica

What is a distinguishing feature of club mosses (lycophytes)?

They have true leaves called microphylls

What structure in vascular plants transports water and minerals

XYLEM

Which period is associated with the first land plants?

Ordovician

What was one of the major challenges plants faced when colonizing land

Desiccation ( the process of drying out a living organism or lack of water)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all land plants

Presence of seeds