anatomy lab : tissues

4 main tissues in human body

-epithelial tissue

-connective tissue

-muscular tissue

-nervous tissue

epithelial tissue

-covers & lines surfaces of body (skin & digestive tract)

-found in → glandular tissue & pancreas

basement membrane

underlying layers of epithelial tissue

simple

one layer

simple squamous epithelium

-single layer of flat cells (floor tiles)

function → diffusion & smooth lining

simple squamous location

-inside heart 🫀 & lungs 🫁

simple cuboidal epithelium

-single layer of cube shaped cells

functions → absorption & secretion

simple cuboidal location

-kidney tubules & liver 🦵

simple columnar epithelium

-tall cells in one layer

-function → absorption & secretion

simple columnar location

stomach through intestines & uterine tube

Pseudostratified (fake) columnar epithelium

-multiple layers with varying cell heights

-functions → secretes mucus & traps dust particles, moving them away from lung

Pseudostratified columnar location

-respiratory passages

stratified squamous epithelium

- multi-layered tissue composed of basal cuboidal & flat, scale-like surface (squamous) cells

function → protective barrier against physical abrasion

stratified squamous epithelium location

-outermost layer of skin

- lines vaginal & oral cavity

-esophagus

urothelium

-specialized protective lining of the entire urinary tract

-functions → preventing infection & sensory transduction of stimuli

-location → renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, proximal part of urethra

⭐️allows bladder to expand and fill with urine

muscular tissue

-composed of contractile cells (muscle fibers) that shorten to produce body movement, maintain posture, & move substances through the body

skeletal muscle

-cells are called fibers or myocytes

-has striations (stripe-looking)

-voluntary (conscious control over muscle)

⭐️elongated nuclei

skeletal muscle function

produce voluntary movement, support posture & stabilize joints

skeletal muscle location

arms, legs, abdomen, chest, back & head

cardiac muscle

--found in and makes up the heart 🫀

-less striated than skeletal

-function → generate rhythmic, involuntary contractions that pump blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen & nutrients & removing waste

smooth muscle

-non-striated

-involuntary (done without control)

-function → involuntary contraction to move substances through hollow organs & regulate organ size

smooth muscle location

-digestive tract, blood vessels & uterus

nervous tissue

-cellular tissue

-⭐️has neuron

-function → communication, control & coordination of body activities through electrical & chemical signals

nervous tissue location

brain, spinal cord & peripheral nerves of body

connective tissue

-consists of fibers & fluid ground substance rather than ECM

dense regular connective tissue

-parallel

-made of collagenous fibers

function → provides strength & resistance to stretching in a single direction

dense regular connective tissue location

tendons & ligaments 🦵

dense irregular connective tissue

-run in many directions

-collagenous fibers

-function → provides structural strength, flexibility, & resistance to tearing in multiple directions

dense irregular connective tissue location

deep layers of skin & white of eye

elastic tissue

-cellular component of fibroblasts (collagenous & elastic fibers)

-dark & squiggly lines

-function → provide tissues with stretch & recoil, allowing them to expand & snap back to og shape

elastic tissue location

-walls of arteries

reticular tissue

-dark staining fibers with scattered pale cells

-function → provide a flexible internal framework for soft organs & supporting cells for fluid

reticular tissue location

-soft internal organs (liver, spleen & lymph nodes)

areolar tissue

-scattered arrangement of collagenous fibers

-function → binds epithelia to lower layers & insulates organs

areolar tissue location

wrapping around organs & sheets of tissues between muscles

adipose tissue

-made up of adipocytes

large, pale open cells

-functions →energy storage & physical protection

adipose tissue location

under skin, breast tissue & outside heart & kidney

hyaline cartilage

-clear and glassy looking

-function → reduces friction at joints & keeps air passages open

hyaline cartilage location

end of long bones, ribs & trachea

fibrocartilage

-numerous collagen fibers in rows of 4 or 5

-function → protects from wear & tear at weight-bearing or stressed joints

fibrocartilage location

pubic symphysis & intervertebral discs

elastic cartilage

-netlike pattern of fibers

-functions → provides flexible framework

elastic cartilage location

external ear & epiglottis 👂

bone

-cells enclosed in calcium salts

-function → protection of soft organs & support

located in skeleton

blood

-many cells with no nucleus, suspended in plasma

-function → transport gases, nutrients, hormones & water

blood location

heart & blood vessels