SOAD M204 INDIANA UNIVERSITY

Hamiltons effect on manufacturing

essentially took us from an agrarian society to a manufacturing society

year Washington created tariffs(TAX)

1791

year Eli Whitney created the cotton gin

1794

significant history of factories

civil war because uniforms needed to be created

what year did Macys start to sell ready to wear clothing instead of fabric people had to take home

1880

why do we have a private label (ESSAY QUESTION)

private labels are made exclusively for a company/retailer alone

ADVANTAGES

-make more profit

-they are a unique offering for the consumer

-allows the company to have control over the target market

-no need to invest in machinery or people

role of a contractor

provides labor and machinery/equipment for the manufacturer

-----any one of the functions can be taken to a contractor for help (design, fabric, etc)

define manufacturing

manufacturer is totally responsible for all of the functions of the TOTAL PROCESS

-design

-fabrics

-production

retail triangle

value

service

quality

---CAN ONLY HAVE 2

barcodes

electronic control allowing communication within the apparel industry

---an essential element of electronic data

---a traditional barcode has total responsibility for all the functions

advantages of domestic factories

-control sustainability of production

-speed of shipping

-easily able to get to the factories if you need to visit

sourcing

finding a factory/country to make products for you

QR codes

used to track information

regulations of apparel labeling

Gov requires the manufacturers to tell what country it was made in before entering the US

manufacturing ID

ask products must have the registration number (RN) in the US

--everything has an ID because we need to know where the product came from (if its deficient than it needs to be tracked back to the factory)

care rules

how to wash and how to care for products must be included in the label

OSHA

ensures safety and health of the working environment in factories; Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor

EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

no discrimination when hiring people

IRIC

people must be legal citizens

EPA

clean air from factories, no dumping in water systems

intellectual property rights

the rights given to protect the products of original creative thought and are protected thru patents, copyright, and trademarks

patents

-started in 1790 by Washington and Hamilton

-people can't steal someones idea that has been patented

copyrights and trademarks

any word, brand name, or symbol such as a graphic logo, used to identify and distinguish one manufacturers products from another

-----all protected by intellectual property rights

licensing

-the way you pay is royalty

-designer and other companies may license their names, trademarks, or logos for use on merchandise produced by other companies

-licenser paid royalty fee by the licensee

----designer must approve the fabric, design, place of production and how much to sell it for

counterfeit

fakes or copies of currently popular branded apparel, accompanied by the illegal use of rightful producers brand name or trademark

knockoff

-a copy or near copy of a design under a different brand name or trademark

---happen because we aren't creative

apparel quality control

-must have standards for control

-specific ways that products must be manufactured that meet the standards of quality control

-very much mathematical

what are physical or performance features (essay question)

-control of an item

physical features that are being controlled

---design

---materials

---construction

---finish

---embellishment

performance features that are being controlled

--aesthetic performance (attractiveness)

--functional performance (utility and durability)

price lining

price zones that are clusters of merchandise at various price levels, from most expensive to least expensive

value graph

page 57 in book, be able to draw it and describe it

---represents how consumers make decisions based on the price of a garment relative to perceived quality

target market

-consists of the consumers in a particular market segment that a manufacturer aims to please with a particular product

-----MADE UP OF DEMOGRAPHICS/PSYCHOGRAPHICS

generation classification

--part of target markets

--what generation is the company marketing the product to?

11 generations right now

NAME 5

-baby boomers

-gen x

-gen y

-gen z

-millennials

difference between quality assurance and quality control

QUALITY ASSURANCE

-support and feedback

-design

-testing

-deployment

QUALITY CONTROL

-analyze

-improve

-evaluate

-planning

tolerance

difference between the allowable minimum and maximum of a specification or standard

--accepted tolerance today is 5%

--5% minimum or maximum of a specification or standard

inspections and chargeback

companies must do 100% inspections vs random inspections

--chargeback system is the running total of all defective merchandise is kept by the buyer, authorization for return is granted from the seller, and the appropriate amounts are subtracted from payments on future merchandise

bankruptcy

allows the company to reorganize

liquidation

when the debtor is wiped out, allowing them to start over