Organic Chemistry

alkane functional group

• C to C single bond

• C(n)H(2n+2)

• name of compound with functional group is alkyl

• ending is -ane

alkene functional group

• C to C double bond

• C(n)H(2n)

• name of compound with functional group is alkenyl

• ending is -ene

alkyne functional group

• C to C triple bond

• C(n)H(2n-2)

• name of compound with functional group is alkynyl

• ending is -yne

aldehyde functional group

• R-CHO

• C(n)H(2n)O

• name of compound with functional group is aldehyde

• ending is -al

ketone functional group

• C(n)H(2n)O

• R-CO-R’

• name of compound with functional group is ketone

• ending is -one

ester functional group

• C(n)H(2n)O(2)

• R-COO-R’

• name of compound with functional group is ester

ether functional group

• C(n)H(2n+2)O

• R-O-R’

hydroxyl functional group

• C(n)H(2n+2)O

• R-O-R’

• name of compound with functional group is alcohol

• ending is -ol

carboxyl functional group

• C(n)H(2n+2)O(2)

• R-COOH

• name of compound with functional group is carboxylic acid

• ending is -oxylic acid

nitrile functional group

• C(n)H(2n+1)N

• name of compound with functional group is nitrile

• ending is -enitrile

amine functional group

• C(n)H(2n+3)N

• R-NH2

• name of compound with functional group is amine or amino

• ending is -amine

amide functional group

• C(n)H(2n+1)NO

• R-CONH2

• name of compound with functional group is carboxamide or amido

• ending is -amide

arene functional group

• name of compound with functional group is phenyl

homologous series

• serious of organic compounds (of same functional group) who differ by a common structural unit

• have similar chemical properties

• have graduation in physical properties (increasing boiling point with greater length)

naming alkanes

from 1 through 10 of longest C chain, the prefixes are meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-

naming cyclic alkanes

• features ring structure

• name begins with prefix cyclo-

naming branched chain alkanes

• they include alkyl groups such as -CH3 (methyl) and -C2H5 (ethyl) which are bonded to the main carbon chain

• to name a branched chain alkane, identify the longest continuous carbon chain

• identify the number and the positions of the carbons in the continous chain with which the alkyl branches are attached

• if more than one alkyl group is attached use the prefixes (di, tri, etc)

naming alkenes

• longest carbon chain length that includes double carbon to carbon bond

• ends with ene

• include position of double bond

• example (but-1-ene)

naming alkynes

• longest carbon chain length that includes triple carbon to carbon bond

• ends with yne

• include position of triple bond

• example (but-1-yne)

naming alcohols