EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Egypt

known as The Land of Pharaoh & "desert Land".

The Nile River

What river was Egypt's means of communication?

Its fertile soil.

What was Egypt's greatest wealth?

Date palm and palm leaves.

What material was used for roofing in Egypt?

For boats.

What was acacia used for in ancient Egypt?

Mummy cases.

What was sycamore used for in ancient Egypt?

Heliopolis

What was the capital of Egypt during the Archaic Period?

Memphis.

What was the capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom

Thebes.

What was the capital of Egypt during the Middle and New Kingdom?

The union of Upper and Lower Egypt.

What important event occurred during the Archaic Period in Egypt?

Archaic Period

What characterized the union of Upper and Lower Egypt.

The Pyramid Age

What characterized the Old Kingdom in Egypt?

The Feudal Age

What characterized the Middle Kingdom in Egypt?

30

How many dynasties in the history of ancient Egypt

Mortuary and Cult.

What are the two types of Egyptian temples?

Entrance Pylon
Hypaethral Court
Hypostyle Hall
Sanctuary
Avenue of Sphinxes

Parts of an Egyptian temple

Entrance Pylon

massive sloping towers fronted by an obelisks known as gateways in Egypt

Hypaethral Court

A large outer court open to the sky.

Hypostyle Hall

A pillared hall in which the roofs rest on columns.

Avenue of Sphinxes

Area surrounded by passages & chambers used in temple service.

Great Temple of Abu Simbel

An example of Egyptian Temple where its has a pylon carved with 4 colossal seated statues.

the Great Temple of Ammon

An example of Egyptian Temple where its The grandest temple in Egyptian planning & was commenced by Amenemhat I.

mummification

It is a way of preserving a king's spirit that the Egyptians believed they lived on living on another life

God of the Sky.

Who is Horus in Egyptian religion?

Osiris

God of Fertility & Underworld.

Amun

Chief god and symbol for the sun.

Serapis

Bull god.

Monarchy

What form of government did Egypt have?

Pharaoh

King of Egypt

Vizier

King's most powerful official.

CHANCELLOR

he controls the royal treasuries, granaries,& supervises the census

CHIEF STEWARD

in charge of the King's personal estate & household.

Slaves

Who were the lowest in the social ranks of ancient Egypt?

Simplicity

monumentality

solidity or massiveness

What are the architectural characteristics of Egyptian architecture?

batterwall

Inclination from base to top of the façade.

hieroglyphics

Pictures & writings used as ornaments from the walls.

Mastaba

Rectangular superstructure of ancient Egyptian tombs.

elevated causeway

Offering chapel

Mortuary

Valley bldg.

PARTS OF PYRAMID COMPLEX

ROCK CUT TOMB

cut deep into the mountain rock

TEMPLE OF Hatshepsut

What is this?

OBELISKS

this is a architectural element of Egyptian architecture where it is a monumental pillars usually in pairs at the temple entrances considered the symbol of "Heliopolis" the sun god.

SPHINX

a mystical monster with a body of a lion and head of a man androsphinx body of a lion & head of a hawk or hieracosphinx & body lion & head of a ram ar "criosphinx”

Mouldings

the torus mould in Egyptian temples were it is used to cover corner