ww2

general review of terms and events

nagasaki

august 9, 1945- us drops bomb on…

rosie the riveter

propaganda woman used to help encourage women to join the war effort

treaty of versailles

a huge instigator of ww2, germany suffered huge repercussions

totalitarian dictatorship

total control of the government by one person, or group

communism

state plans, and controls everything (sharing equal)

socialism

similar to communism, but includes private ownership

fascism

radical right government led by a dictatorship, with a strong sense of nationalism-began by mussolini

nazism

a radical form of fascism, but in germany-began by hitler

failed ww1 peace settlement (treaty of versailles) causing anger, strong sense of nationalism among dictators, dreams of expansionism

ww2 looms because…

joseph stalin

dictator of the soviet union (russia)

the “great purge”

the removal of all people in opposition of a dictator or a group (seen in soviet union first)

2nd (the 1st was the united states)

by 1937 what was the soviet’s rank as an industrial power

benito mussolini (also called “il duce”)

dictator of fascist italy

black shirts

october 1922- mussolini marches on rome with thousands of his followers that were called the

adolf hitler (also called “der fuhrer”)

dictator of nazi germany, in 1933 appointed chancellor

mein kampf

hitler wrote this book in which he outlined his beliefs and plans to: 1. ) unite all german people in one empire, 2.) have racial superiority of the “aryans”, 3.) expand nationally for more “lebensraum” (living space)

the great depression

what world wide crisis helped the nazi’s rise to power quickly

stormtroopers (brown shirts) (S.S)

men who joined hitler’s private army

weimar republic

once in power hitler would dismantle what republic in germany

the “third reich”

hitler would establish the…. germany’s third empire

spanish civil war

1936- a group of spanish military officers rebelled against the spanish republic, this was called the

general francisco franco

the rebelling spanish military officers was led by..

rome-berlin axis

german and italian alliance

1. austria, 2. czechoslovakia;

first 2 countries to fall to germany in 1938 and 1939

the sudetenland

hitler would bargain for this land in czechoslovakia

1. austria
2. czechoslovakia
3. poland
4. denmark & norway
5. holland, belgium, attacks on france
6. fall of france

germany’s invasions in order

nonaggression pact

stalin and hitler sign this to agree to not attack each other (germany later breaks this) and to divide poland

luftwaffe

german air force- led by herman goering

blitzkrieg

another term for lightning war, seen in poland

munich aggreement

hitler wanting sudetenland led to this agreement and france and britain trying to avoid war through the policy of appeasement

policy of appeasement

policy meaning to try to negotiate to avoid war

the ardennes

impossible to get through wooded area in france

“operation sealion”

the german operation to invade britain

battle of britain

german air force bombing britain for almost 2 months

royal air force

britain’s air force (RAF)

selective service act

this act was passed by FDR in dec 1940, calling for people in the military (draft)

lend-lease

began from the cash & carry method- allowed countries to borrow war materials from the u.s, but after war give them back

atlantic charter

the conference between fdr and churchill to describe their post-war plans

“shoot on site”

fdr in 1940 starts having the navy defend the atlantic coast and tells them if an enemy arrives to..

operation barbarossa

june 22, 1941- germany’s operation to invade the soviet union, helped save britain from invasion

pearl harbor

dec 7, 1941- japanese attack on u.s military base- brings us into ww2

tuskegee airmen

african american men that flew planes to help the war effort in europe

executive order 9066

fdr signed this exclusion order that forced many japanese americans into concentration camps

navajo code talkers

navajo men that made & interpreted codes based on navajo words to help u.s war effort

bracero program

a program that hired mexican thousands of temporary guest workers from mexico

women

worked in war industries, as nurses, planted victory gardens, however not allowed in combat

“big 3” or the grand alliance

the alliance of britain, u.s, and soviet union

japan, italy, germany

axis powers

u.s, britain, soviet union

allied powers

rape of nanking

dec 1937-feb 1938 japanese killed 100k chinese civilians, raped women, captured children

battle of coral sea

may 1942- battle that u.s stopped japanese design for australia

battle of midway

turning point in the pacific june 1942- japanese advances stopped, u.s assumes initiative, japanese has a shortage of pilots

bataan death march

april 1942- 76,000 prisoners (12,000 americans) march 60 miles in the heat to get to japanese POW camps

kamikaze pilots

japanese suicide pilots, “suicide bombers”

achieve the double V (VV) victory in (europe and asia)

achieve the double….

war bonds & loans

one way people at home helped pay for the war

the eastern front

the decisive theater of the war

el alamein

1942 battle in north african campaign, it ended the long fight for the western desert- famous german general rommel was commander at this battle

operation torch

nov 1942- may 1943 allies plan on assault on weakest axis area in north africa- led by u.s general patton

battle of anzio “bloody anzio”

bloody italian battle that lasted 4 months close to rome, with high casualties and ended with mussolini’s capture

rome

june 5th, 1944 allies liberate this italian city

upside down

mussolini was hung…..

battle of stalingrad

1942-1943 turning point on eastern front- german army of 300k captured and defeated at this city

poland

january 1944- soviet’s enter…

“red army”

another name for the soviet army

d-day

turning point on the western front

operation overlord

formal name for d-day

5 beaches of normandy, france

where was d-day

largest land invasion, the allies needed a 2nd front & a foothold in mainland europe to push germany back

significance of d-day

general dwight d. eisenhower

leader of u.s forces on d-day

berlin

post d-day race to this city….

france (paris)

august 25, 1944 allies liberate this country from germany

battle of the bulge

dec 16, 1944- jan 28, 1945 hitler’s last offensive of the war which he suffered major losses

“v-e day”

may 8th, 1945 victory in europe day

rhineland

hitler wanted what land that they were forced to demilitarize

yamamoto

april 1943 this man assassinated by the u.s

saipan

aug 1944 loss of japanese…..

battle of iwo jima

feb 1945- american marines invaded this island, which was needed to provide fighter escort for bombings over japan

battle of iwo jima

famous picture of us marines holding up the u.s flag taken at this battle

battle for leyte gulf

battle- total japanese blockade, and japanese navy destroyed

battle of okinawa

april 1945- battle that u.s invaded this island which would provide a staging area for a large attack on japan-last major battle in pacific

harry s. truman

april 12, 1945- fdr dies, the new president would be….

alan turing

man that created the crack for germany’s enigma code

manhattan project

secret u.s project that developed the atomic bomb, albert einstein was a prominent member

dr. robert oppenheimer

prime member of the manhattan project, later would regret dropping it

hiroshima

august 6 1945- us drops bomb on…

v-j day

april 14, 1945 japan surrenders, this is also called…

nuremberg trials

allied powers placed high-rank nazi’s on trial for crimes against humanities

tokyo trials

similar to nuremberg trials, except for the pacific front

imprisoned for life @ tokyo trials

hideki tojo’s consequence

united nations (un)

this replaced the league of nations

france, britain, soviet union, u.s, and china

the security council (un) consisted of…

neutrality acts

u.s passed these acts to remain uninvolved in european affairs

the national socialist german worker’s party

nazi stands for…

yalta agreement

feb 1945- churchill, stalin, and roosevelt will decide on post-war plans and how to balance power

potsdam conference

july 1945- truman, stalin, churchill (replaced by new prime minister atlee) to will decide on how to divide germany

cold war

war after ww2

soviets have an agenda, u.s engaged in world affairs and no longer isolationist, triumph of communists in china, independence of nations in imperialist powers

consequences of war

great arsenal for democracy

fdr wanted the u.s to be the…

emperor hirohito

dictator of japan