nagasaki
august 9, 1945- us drops bomb on…
rosie the riveter
propaganda woman used to help encourage women to join the war effort
treaty of versailles
a huge instigator of ww2, germany suffered huge repercussions
totalitarian dictatorship
total control of the government by one person, or group
communism
state plans, and controls everything (sharing equal)
socialism
similar to communism, but includes private ownership
fascism
radical right government led by a dictatorship, with a strong sense of nationalism-began by mussolini
nazism
a radical form of fascism, but in germany-began by hitler
failed ww1 peace settlement (treaty of versailles) causing anger, strong sense of nationalism among dictators, dreams of expansionism
ww2 looms because…
joseph stalin
dictator of the soviet union (russia)
the “great purge”
the removal of all people in opposition of a dictator or a group (seen in soviet union first)
2nd (the 1st was the united states)
by 1937 what was the soviet’s rank as an industrial power
benito mussolini (also called “il duce”)
dictator of fascist italy
black shirts
october 1922- mussolini marches on rome with thousands of his followers that were called the
adolf hitler (also called “der fuhrer”)
dictator of nazi germany, in 1933 appointed chancellor
mein kampf
hitler wrote this book in which he outlined his beliefs and plans to: 1. ) unite all german people in one empire, 2.) have racial superiority of the “aryans”, 3.) expand nationally for more “lebensraum” (living space)
the great depression
what world wide crisis helped the nazi’s rise to power quickly
stormtroopers (brown shirts) (S.S)
men who joined hitler’s private army
weimar republic
once in power hitler would dismantle what republic in germany
the “third reich”
hitler would establish the…. germany’s third empire
spanish civil war
1936- a group of spanish military officers rebelled against the spanish republic, this was called the
general francisco franco
the rebelling spanish military officers was led by..
rome-berlin axis
german and italian alliance
austria, 2. czechoslovakia;
first 2 countries to fall to germany in 1938 and 1939
the sudetenland
hitler would bargain for this land in czechoslovakia
austria
czechoslovakia
poland
denmark & norway
holland, belgium, attacks on france
fall of france
germany’s invasions in order
nonaggression pact
stalin and hitler sign this to agree to not attack each other (germany later breaks this) and to divide poland
luftwaffe
german air force- led by herman goering
blitzkrieg
another term for lightning war, seen in poland
munich aggreement
hitler wanting sudetenland led to this agreement and france and britain trying to avoid war through the policy of appeasement
policy of appeasement
policy meaning to try to negotiate to avoid war
the ardennes
impossible to get through wooded area in france
“operation sealion”
the german operation to invade britain
battle of britain
german air force bombing britain for almost 2 months
royal air force
britain’s air force (RAF)
selective service act
this act was passed by FDR in dec 1940, calling for people in the military (draft)
lend-lease
began from the cash & carry method- allowed countries to borrow war materials from the u.s, but after war give them back
atlantic charter
the conference between fdr and churchill to describe their post-war plans
“shoot on site”
fdr in 1940 starts having the navy defend the atlantic coast and tells them if an enemy arrives to..
operation barbarossa
june 22, 1941- germany’s operation to invade the soviet union, helped save britain from invasion
pearl harbor
dec 7, 1941- japanese attack on u.s military base- brings us into ww2
tuskegee airmen
african american men that flew planes to help the war effort in europe
executive order 9066
fdr signed this exclusion order that forced many japanese americans into concentration camps
navajo code talkers
navajo men that made & interpreted codes based on navajo words to help u.s war effort
bracero program
a program that hired mexican thousands of temporary guest workers from mexico
women
worked in war industries, as nurses, planted victory gardens, however not allowed in combat
“big 3” or the grand alliance
the alliance of britain, u.s, and soviet union
japan, italy, germany
axis powers
u.s, britain, soviet union
allied powers
rape of nanking
dec 1937-feb 1938 japanese killed 100k chinese civilians, raped women, captured children
battle of coral sea
may 1942- battle that u.s stopped japanese design for australia
battle of midway
turning point in the pacific june 1942- japanese advances stopped, u.s assumes initiative, japanese has a shortage of pilots
bataan death march
april 1942- 76,000 prisoners (12,000 americans) march 60 miles in the heat to get to japanese POW camps
kamikaze pilots
japanese suicide pilots, “suicide bombers”
achieve the double V (VV) victory in (europe and asia)
achieve the double….
war bonds & loans
one way people at home helped pay for the war
the eastern front
the decisive theater of the war
el alamein
1942 battle in north african campaign, it ended the long fight for the western desert- famous german general rommel was commander at this battle
operation torch
nov 1942- may 1943 allies plan on assault on weakest axis area in north africa- led by u.s general patton
battle of anzio “bloody anzio”
bloody italian battle that lasted 4 months close to rome, with high casualties and ended with mussolini’s capture
rome
june 5th, 1944 allies liberate this italian city
upside down
mussolini was hung…..
battle of stalingrad
1942-1943 turning point on eastern front- german army of 300k captured and defeated at this city
poland
january 1944- soviet’s enter…
“red army”
another name for the soviet army
d-day
turning point on the western front
operation overlord
formal name for d-day
5 beaches of normandy, france
where was d-day
largest land invasion, the allies needed a 2nd front & a foothold in mainland europe to push germany back
significance of d-day
general dwight d. eisenhower
leader of u.s forces on d-day
berlin
post d-day race to this city….
france (paris)
august 25, 1944 allies liberate this country from germany
battle of the bulge
dec 16, 1944- jan 28, 1945 hitler’s last offensive of the war which he suffered major losses
“v-e day”
may 8th, 1945 victory in europe day
rhineland
hitler wanted what land that they were forced to demilitarize
yamamoto
april 1943 this man assassinated by the u.s
saipan
aug 1944 loss of japanese…..
battle of iwo jima
feb 1945- american marines invaded this island, which was needed to provide fighter escort for bombings over japan
battle of iwo jima
famous picture of us marines holding up the u.s flag taken at this battle
battle for leyte gulf
battle- total japanese blockade, and japanese navy destroyed
battle of okinawa
april 1945- battle that u.s invaded this island which would provide a staging area for a large attack on japan-last major battle in pacific
harry s. truman
april 12, 1945- fdr dies, the new president would be….
alan turing
man that created the crack for germany’s enigma code
manhattan project
secret u.s project that developed the atomic bomb, albert einstein was a prominent member
dr. robert oppenheimer
prime member of the manhattan project, later would regret dropping it
hiroshima
august 6 1945- us drops bomb on…
v-j day
april 14, 1945 japan surrenders, this is also called…
nuremberg trials
allied powers placed high-rank nazi’s on trial for crimes against humanities
tokyo trials
similar to nuremberg trials, except for the pacific front
imprisoned for life @ tokyo trials
hideki tojo’s consequence
united nations (un)
this replaced the league of nations
france, britain, soviet union, u.s, and china
the security council (un) consisted of…
neutrality acts
u.s passed these acts to remain uninvolved in european affairs
the national socialist german worker’s party
nazi stands for…
yalta agreement
feb 1945- churchill, stalin, and roosevelt will decide on post-war plans and how to balance power
potsdam conference
july 1945- truman, stalin, churchill (replaced by new prime minister atlee) to will decide on how to divide germany
cold war
war after ww2
soviets have an agenda, u.s engaged in world affairs and no longer isolationist, triumph of communists in china, independence of nations in imperialist powers
consequences of war
great arsenal for democracy
fdr wanted the u.s to be the…
emperor hirohito
dictator of japan