AP World History Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for vocabulary review of AP World History topics from Unit 1-8(1200-2000).

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy in Song China that taught human society is hierarchical by nature, with a prescribed order to everything, seeking to rid Confucian thought of Buddhist influence.

Filial Piety

The necessity and virtue of children obeying and honoring their parents, grandparents, and deceased ancestors; emphasized in Song China.

Bureaucracy

Government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carried out of the will of the emperor, used in Song China.

Buddhism

Originated in India and spread to China, centered on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, sharing beliefs with Hinduism such as reincarnation and Nirvana.

Theravada Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism practiced in Sri Lanka, emphasizing monasticism and the belief that those outside monastic life are too focused on the world to achieve enlightenment.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism, The bodhisattvas or those who already faced enlightenment helped other feel nirvana.

Champa Rice

Early-maturing, drought-resistant rice introduced to Song China, leading to significant population growth.

Grand Canal (expansion)

Facilitated trade and communication among China's various regions during the Song Dynasty.

Dar-Al-Islam

The areas in the world in which Islam was the organizing principle of civilizations

Sharia Law

Legal code based on the Quran.

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Made significant advances in mathematics and invented trigonometry in the Islamic World.

House of Wisdom

A library with a large metric scholarly works established under the Abbasid empire during the Golden Age of Islam.

Sufi

A new section of Islam that represented mystic experience ad was far more active to adaptive e to local beliefs

Bhakti Movement

Innovation on traditional polytheistic Hinduism that became more attractive to ordinary believers and challenged social and gender hierarchies.

Rajput Kingdoms

Collection of tical and warring Hindu Kingdoms that had existed before muslim rule in northern india.

Vijayanagara Empire

Empire established in 1336 by former Hindu converts to Islam who reverted back and resisted Muslim rule in Southern India.

Majapahit Kingdom

Buddhist kingdom and one of the most powerful sea-based empires in South East Asia, declining after China supported its rival.

Khmer Empire

A land based empire founded as a hindu kingdom but then influence of buddhism.

Aztec Empire

Empire in Mesoamerica founded in 1345, known for its capital Tenochtitlan and aggressive expansion through tribute states and human sacrifices.

Tribute System (Aztec)

System used by the Aztecs where conquered people were required to provide labor or goods to the dominant power.

Incan Empire

Empire in the Andean region that incorporated lands and languages, establishing a centralized bureaucracy and rigid hierarchy.

Mit'a System (Inca)

Incan labor system requiring all people to provide labor on state projects (farms, mining)

Mississippian Culture

First large scale civilization in North America around the Mississippi River valley, known for agriculture and monumental mounds.

Swahili Civilization

Series of cities organized around commerce along the East African coast, influenced by Muslim traders and known for a common social hierarchy.

Swahili

Demonstrated the intermingling and cooperation of various cultures, new language in Swahili Civilization

West African Empires (Ghana, Mali, Songhay)

Civilizations that expanded through trade and conversion to Islam by elite members and government officials.

Hausa Kingdoms

Series of city-states in West Africa sharing a common language and culture, growing in power through trade.

Great Zimbabwe

African kingdom with massive structures and an economy based on farming, cattle herding, and gold exports, maintaining indigenous shamanistic religion.

Kingdom of Ethiopia

Christian state in Africa that flourished through trade, surrounded by Islamic states.

Byzantine Empire

The eastern half of the Roman Empire.

Kievan Rus

New state that would emerge from the Byzantine empire (Eastern Orthodox) and united the people.

Feudalism

A system of allegiances between powerful lords, monarchs, and knights

Manorialism

A system of economic and social organization prevalent in medieval Western Europe where the basic unit was the self-sufficient manor, controlled by a lord.

Networks of Exchange

The spread of information such as religion, politics, economics, and the way empires are ran

Silk Roads

Network that stretched across Eurasia and mainly traded luxury goods, Innovations: Caravanserai, Commercial Practices: Money economies, and Credit.

Caravanserai

series of inns and guest houses on the silk roads a day's journey apart

Kashgar

Located on 2 major intersections that was built around a river

Indian Ocean Network

Network that was helped through understanding of monsoon wind that blew in one directions

Swahili City-States

A collection of independent states along africa's east coast that acted as brokers for goods originating from the african interior

Diasporic Community

a settlement of ethnic people in a location other than homeland

Zheng He

Went through the indian ocean in china's tributary system in china's Ming dynasty

Camel Saddle

helped merchants ride camels and carry amounts of goods with the camel

Mongol Empire

The largest land-based empire that facilitated trade across the world

Land-Based Empire

empire whose power comes from its land

Ottoman Empire

an empire in the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Europe that expanded through gunpowder

Ghulams

Christians in the Caucasus region

Safavid Empire

an empire in Persia and expanded through gunpowder

Mughal Empire

an empire in South and Central Asia and expanded through gunpowder

Qing Dynasty

The Manchu Empire that replaced the Ming Dynasty using gunpowder

Legitimize

the methods a ruler uses to establish their authority

Consolidate

the methods a ruler uses to transfer power from other groups to themselves

Mercantilism

a state-driven economic system that characterized imperial European states, get as much gold and silver as possible, export as much as possible, import as little as possible

Joint-Stock Company

a limited liability business that was funded by a group of private investors

Columbian Exchange

the transfer of new diseases, food, plants, and animals between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

Cash Cropping

a method of agriculture focusing on growing one crop for export

Causes of European Exploration

European Exploration and the First Wave of European Imperialism began due to adoption and innovation of maritime technology, growth of state power, and economy

Economic Imperialism

nations exerting significant economic control of influence into another nation without direct political domination

Enlightenment

focused on humankind in relation to government, ideas that heavily influenced political, social, and cultural structures, supported tolerance, justice, and improving quality of life

Social Contract

governments were formed in order to meet the social and economic needs of the people being governed

Declaration of Independence

a document written by Thomas Jefferson, explaining why the US declared independence and how the British violated their natural rights

Natural Rights

the right to life, liberty, and property created by John Locke

Declaration of the Rights of Man

a document that explains the French’s declaration of independence inspired by natural rights

Industrialization

the development of industries in a country or region

Capitalism

created by Adam Smith, economic system where private ownership is allowed towards means of production (factories, land, resources)

Socialism

an economic system where industries are owned by workers, created by Karl Marx

Communism

a political theory by Karl Marx advocating for a class war and a society where all property is publicly owned

Feminism

a social and political movement that advocated for the equality of different genders in political, economic, and social structures

Imperialism

the policy and practice of extending a nation’s power into other territories, gaining political and economic control over the territories

Treaty of Versailles

a treaty that had harsh conditions against Germany putting all the blame on Germany, War Guilt Cause and extreme reparations

Totalitarianism

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial

Fascism

a far-right form of government where most of the country’s power is held by one ruler or a small group, under one party

Nazism

a far-right, totalitarian political ideology associated with Adolf Hilter, characterized by ultranationalism, racism, antisemitism, and the belief of a master, Aryan race

Cold War

period of geopolitical tension between nations, no direct military conflict, competition between each other: proxy wars, arms races, propaganda, espionage