Chapter 6 - The Constitution and the new Republic (copy)

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton

the most effective advocate of a stronger government; successful New York lawyer from the West Indies

Virginia Plan

national legislature of 2 houses with representation based on representation based on population; favored Southern states

New Jersey Plan

one-house legislature with equal representation for each state; protected smaller states from larger states

Great Compromise

2 house legislature; lower house with representation based on population and upper house with equal representation

Constitution

the written up government of the United States; didn’t solve many issues

James Madison

Delegate from Virginia who drafted most of the Constitution; power comes from the people; concept of federalism

federalism

division of powers between the national and state governments

separation of powers

separates the powers of the national government between the executive, judiciary, and legislative; managed by checks and balances

checks and balances

the branches of government have their respective powers but some powers can limit those of other branches

federalists

those who supported the ratification of the constitution

The Federalist Papers

written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the pseudonym Publius; essays written to explain the virtues of the constitution

Antifederalists

those against the ratification of the Constitution

John Adams

the first vice president of the United States; came in 2nd to Washington

Bill of Rights

10 amendments added to the constitution of secure the rights of the individual

Judiciary Act of 1789

SCOTUS of 6 members and system of lower district courts and courts of appeal; power to determine constitutionality of state laws

Republicans

proponents of a rural and agrarian nation rather than a highly commercialized one

Whiskey Rebellion

in 1794, farmers in western Pennsylvania raised a major challenge to federal authority when they refused to pay the new whiskey tax began terrorizing tax collectors in the region

Jay’s Treaty

the settlement of a conflict with Britain avoiding a likely war; provided for an undisputed American sovereignty over the entire Northwest and produced a reasonably satisfactory commercial relationship

Pinckney’s Treaty

in 1795, Spain recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth and to deposit goods at New Orleans for reloading on oceangoing ships; agreed to fix the northern boundary of Florida along the 31st parallel; and commanded its authorities to prevent Native Americans in Florida from launching raids north across that border

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

response by republicans to Alien and Seditions Acts; called on the philosophy of John Locke and the 10th amendment to say that the national government did not explicitly have those powers