Rutgers OTD Neuro Final Questions
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130 Terms
Which of the following receptors detects force produced by a muscle?
golgi tendon organs
3 multiple choice options
Which of following reflexes is stimulated by pain receptors?
withdrawal reflex
2 multiple choice options
Which type of neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers?
alpha motor neurons
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following pathways is important for automatic turning of your head towards a painful stimulus?
tectospinal
2 multiple choice options
Which is the only pathway in humans that can produce coordinated fine finger movements?
corticospinal
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to the lateral corticospinal tract in the right PLIC can cause the following:
left hand weakness
1 multiple choice option
Which of the following motor areas directly controls the force production of muscles?
primary motor
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following motor areas is most important for decision making about how to achieve a goal oriented movement?
prefrontal association cortex
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following pathways can provide for gross limb movements after significant damage to the corticospinal tract?
reticulospinal tract
2 multiple choice options
When you contract your biceps to scratch your nose, what are the gamma motor neurons to the same biceps muscle doing ?
Firing more so the muscle spindles tighten up.
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following are output structures of the basal ganglia?
Global pallidus internal segment and the SNpr
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a function of the epithalamus?
release of melatonin
3 multiple choice options
Most of the input to the basal ganglia occurs at the following structures:
caudate and putamen
2 multiple choice options
The thalamus is a relay for all senses except?
olfaction
3 multiple choice options
The basal ganglia affects motor function by acting directly on the motor tracts in the spinal cord?
False
1 multiple choice option
Which if the following is a thalamic relay for sensation from the body?
VPL
3 multiple choice options
Hyperkinetic symptoms from lesions of the Basal Ganglia include all of the following except?
Bradykinesia
3 multiple choice options
Which movement disorder does not directly involve the basal ganglia?
Friedreich's ataxia
3 multiple choice options
The cerebellum controls movement via direct control of the descending motor pathways at the spinal cord level:
False
1 multiple choice option
The cerebellum has all the following functions except:
conscious proprioception
3 multiple choice options
Output from the cerebellum occurs primarily from the following structures:
deep nuclei
3 multiple choice options
In which fossa is the cerebellum located?
posterior
2 multiple choice options
The spinocerebellum contains the following structures:
Intermediate zone and superior vermis.
2 multiple choice options
The cerebrocerebellum contains the following structures:
The most lateral parts of the hemispheres.
2 multiple choice options
What function of the cerebellum is described below?
Prior to movement, cerebellum coordinates with the prefrontal association, premotor, and parietal association areas to build the movement based on experience and plan for anticipated outcomes
Motor planning
3 multiple choice options
Irregular, uncoordinated movement due to cerebellar lesions is called:
Ataxia
2 multiple choice options
In which of the following areas are the nuclei for neuromodulators that regulate the sleep/wake cycle located?
reticular formation
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following nuclei is a main recipient of visceral information?
solitary nucleus
2 multiple choice options
In which sections of the brainstem is the respiratory center located?
pons and medulla
3 multiple choice options
Which section of the brainstem has the nucleus that controls muscles of mastication?
pons
2 multiple choice options
A complete lesion to the left facial nerve will cause the following?
left upper and lower facial paralysis
3 multiple choice options
All of the following are functions of the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus nerve except:
parasympathetic control of CN 9
3 multiple choice options
Which cranial nerve carries pressure and chemical information from the carotid artery?
IX
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following about the brainstem is false
The primary functions of the brainstem are skeletal muscle coordination and balance.
3 multiple choice options
Which photoreceptors are used more in daylight?
cones
1 multiple choice option
An on center cell fires at a higher rate when light is shined in the middle of its receptive field.
true
1 multiple choice option
When you are visually focused on an object, that light hits mostly the:
fovea
2 multiple choice options
The axons of which cells make up the optic nerve?
ganglion cells
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to Meyer's Loop can cause the following:
loss of contralateral upper quadrant vision
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to the right upper and lower banks of the right visual cortex can cause:
Left homonymous hemianopia.
1 multiple choice option
A complete lesion of the left optic nerve will cause the following:
total blindness left eye
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to the left PPRF can cause the following.
inability to move the eyes to the left
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following neurons innervates extrafusal muscle fibers?
Alpha motor neurons
1 multiple choice option
Which motor unit type is most resistant to fatigue and suited for postural control?
Type I
2 multiple choice options
In the ventral horn of the spinal cord, where are motor neurons for flexor muscles located?
Dorsal
1 multiple choice option
The Golgi tendon reflex leads to which response?
Inhibition of the agonist
The corticospinal tract decussates at which anatomical level?
Medulla
2 multiple choice options
Which brainstem tract is involved in anticipatory postural adjustments and facilitates muscle tone?
reticulospinal tract
2 multiple choice options
The withdrawal reflex is characterized by which of the following?
Ipsilateral flexor activation and contralateral extensor activation
1 multiple choice option
Which part of the spinal cord gray matter houses motor neurons for distal limb muscles?
Lateral ventral horn
2 multiple choice options
What sign indicates an upper motor neuron lesion?
Hyperreflexia
1 multiple choice option
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are most important for:
Coordinated breathing and walking
A stroke affecting the internal capsule has led to weakness and spasticity on the contralateral side of the body. What structure is primarily damaged?
Corticospinal tract
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to the medial vestibulospinal tract would most likely affect which function?
Head and neck posture
The VPL nucleus of the thalamus receives sensory input from which pathway?
Spinothalamic and DCML tracts
3 multiple choice options
Which thalamic nucleus processes facial sensory input and taste?
VPL
3 multiple choice options
Which nucleus of the thalamus is responsible for visual input?
Lateral geniculate
3 multiple choice options
The medial geniculate nucleus is involved in the processing of:
Auditory
3 multiple choice options
The pulvinar nucleus is primarily associated with which function?
Attention and sensory integration
3 multiple choice options
The subthalamic nucleus is part of which functional system?
Basal ganglia motor loop
2 multiple choice options
Which thalamic nucleus is most involved in pain perception and arousal?
Intralaminar nuclei
Which structure modulates all thalamic relay activity but does NOT project to the cortex?
Reticular nucleus
What is the primary function of the ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus?
Motor planning relay
Which diencephalic structure is involved in motor inhibition and is functionally linked to basal ganglia?
Subthalamic nucleus
The direct pathway of the basal ganglia facilitates movement by:
Disinhibiting the thalamus
3 multiple choice options
Which basal ganglia structure uses GABA as its primary output to inhibit the thalamus?
Globus pallidus interna
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to the subthalamic nucleus would most likely cause
Hemiballismus
3 multiple choice options
Which basal ganglia disorder is characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity?
Parkinson's
A patient with Huntington's disease exhibits dance-like, involuntary movements. What is the term for this symptom?
Chorea
In the limbic loop of the basal ganglia, what is the primary function?
Mood and motivation
A patient displays sustained muscle contractions that result in abnormal postures. What is the term for this condition>
Dystonia
Which deep cerebellar nucleus is associated with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres?
Dentate
Which cerebellar peduncle is primarily responsible for conveying efferent output to the midbrain and thalamus?
Superior
A patient with intention tremor and dysdiadochokinesia likely has a lesion in which cerebellar zone?
Spinocerebellum
The cerebellar cortex exerts its influence through which type of neuron?
Purkinje cell
Which cerebellar region is most involved in controlling balance and eye movements?
Flocculonodular lobe
What clinical sign is most commonly associated with lesions of the vestibulocerebellum?
Nystagmus
The 'Don't Eat Greasy Food' mnemonic refers to which cerebellar structures?
Deep cerebellar nuclei
Which of the following is a key function of the spinocerebellum?
Updating ongoing limb movements
The flocculonodular lobe sends direct projections to which structure to help with balance?
Vestibular nuclei
A lesion to the cerebrocerebellum would most likely cause which of the following?
Delayed motor initiation and speech problems
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
Inability to perform rapid alternating movements
Which test assesses cerebellar coordination of the upper limbs?
Finger-to-nose test
Which structure marks the dorsal aspect of the midbrain and is involved in visual and auditory reflexes?
Tectum
3 multiple choice options
The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) coordinates which function?
Conjugate horizontal gaze
3 multiple choice options
Which cranial nerve nucleus is located in the midbrain and involved in pupillary constriction?
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
3 multiple choice options
The reticular formation is primarily located in which longitudinal brainstem division?
Tegmentum
3 multiple choice options
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the locus coeruleus?
Norepinephrine
3 multiple choice options
A lesion in which area would most likely result in decerebrate posturing?
Below the red nucleus
3 multiple choice options
The nucleus ambiguus is involved in which of the following functions?
Swallowing and vocalization
3 multiple choice options
Which brainstem structure contains the red nucleus and substantia nigra?
Midbrain
2 multiple choice options
Which syndrome results from a lateral medullary infarct and includes vertigo, dysphagia, and contralateral body pain/temp loss?
Wallenberg syndrome
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is located in the pons and helps coordinate respiration and cardiovascular functions?
Reticular formation
3 multiple choice options
The mesencephalic nucleus of CN V is unusual because it contains:
Primary sensory neurons for proprioception
3 multiple choice options
A lesion to the right CN X would cause uvula deviation to which side?
Left
1 multiple choice option
Which neuromodulator is produced by the raphe nuclei in the brainstem?
Serotonin
3 multiple choice options
A patient presents with right-sided tongue deviation, left-sided hemiparesis, and loss of vibration sense on the left. Where is the lesion?
Right medulla
3 multiple choice options
A patient cannot abduct the right eye and also has left-sided hemiparesis. Which syndrome does this suggest?
Millard-Gubler syndrome
2 multiple choice options
What is the result of a lesion in the right Meyer's loop?
Left superior quadrantanopia
1 multiple choice option
Where do most optic tract fibers synapse before reaching the visual cortex?
LGN of thalamus
3 multiple choice options
Note 
Flashcards (42)