Topic-5.1-Chapter-7-Nervous-System.pptx

Sensory input

Gathering information through sensory receptors that monitor stimuli inside and outside the body.

Integration

The process by which the nervous system interprets sensory input and decides on the necessary action.

Motor output

The response or effect that activates muscles or glands.

Central nervous system (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the integration and command center for processing sensory information.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord, functioning as communication lines among sensory organs, the CNS, and muscles or glands.

Sensory (afferent) division

Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system.

Somatic nervous system

The part of the motor (efferent) division that controls skeletal muscles voluntarily.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the motor (efferent) division that automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

Neuroglia

Support cells in the central nervous system that support, insulate, and protect neurons.

Astrocytes

Star-shaped glial cells that anchor neurons to blood vessels and regulate the chemical environment of the brain.

Microglia

Spider-like phagocytes that monitor the health of nearby neurons and dispose of debris.

Ependymal cells

Glial cells that line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord and assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Oligodendrocytes

Cells in the CNS that wrap around nerve fibers and produce myelin sheaths.

Schwann cells

Glial cells in the PNS that form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers.

Satellite cells

Cells in the PNS that protect and cushion neuron cell bodies.

Myelin sheath

A fatty layer that surrounds and insulates axons to improve the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Visceral sensory (afferent) fibers

Nerve fibers that carry information from visceral organs to the central nervous system.

Somatic sensory (afferent) fibers

Nerve fibers that carry information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the central nervous system.

Efferent division

The part of the nervous system that carries impulses away from the central nervous system to effector organs.

Cerebrospinal fluid

Fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nourishment.