Prokaryotes and Nitrogen Cycle Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts about prokaryotes, their reproduction, the nitrogen cycle, and related extremophiles studied in the lecture.

Prokaryotes are __ organisms lacking a nucleus.

Unicellular

Prokaryotes contain relatively few __ and cytoskeletal components.

organelles

The three types of metabolism in prokaryotes include Obligate Aerobes, Facultative Anaerobes, and __.

Obligate Anaerobes

Prokaryotes can be classified into four nutritional modes: Photo-autotrophs, Chemo-autotrophs, __, and Chemo-heterotrophs.

Photo-heterotrophs

Bacterial cell walls are primarily made of __.

Peptidoglycan

The area where prokaryotic DNA is located is called the __ region.

Nucleoid

Prokaryotes reproduce through __, __, and __ gene transfer.

vertical; horizontal; conjugation

When resources are limited, some bacteria form __ to survive in harsh conditions.

Endospores

Nitrogen Fixation converts N2 to __, which is essential for plant growth.

NH4+

An example of highly pathogenic bacteria is __.

Heliobacter pylori

Cyanobacteria are known for their capability in __, converting sunlight into energy.

photosynthesis

During denitrification, bacteria convert NO3- to __.

N2

The process through which bacteria convert NH4+ to NO3- is called __.

Nitrification

Eutrophication refers to high nutrient inputs leading to __ conditions in aquatic environments.

hypoxic

Extremophiles in the archaeal domain include Extreme Thermophiles, Extreme Halophiles, and __.

Methanogens

Thermus Aquaticus and Pyrococcus furiosus are important for their unique __ that work at high temperatures.

DNA polymerases