BBL EXAM 3 😈

US consumption of alcohol

1985: >40% (12-17)

1992 20%

more education=more likely to drink

men=more likely to drink, binge drink, heavily drink

young adults drink and binge drink more

medium consumption

1-2 for women, 2-4 for men

heavy consumption

more than or equal of the same age

at risk drinking

2+ binge episodes of binge drinking in the past month or 2+ drinks per day in the past month

how much of alcohol is metabolized by the liver?

90-95%

what enzymes turn alcohol into vinegar

alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase

acetaldehyde

special type of aldehyde

what does aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) do?

converts aldehyde into acetic acid which is less harmful then into carboxylic acid

3 health related outcomes

increase in lactic acid, uric acid, fat in liver

metabolism of alcohol

one standard drink per hour

alcohol metabolism difference between men and women

lower adh levels in women so women feel alcohol easier, women have a higher percentage of body fat, women’s stomachs absorb alcohol more efficiently, effects of alcohol are strongest around ovulation when estrogen levels are strongest,

direct effects of alcohol

produced by the alcohol itself

indirect effects of alcohol

psychological or physiological effects

ex: car accident

cirrhosis

liver disease, irreversible, major cause of death in alcohol use

korsakoff syndrome

chronic cognitive impairment, severe memory problems for recent events, disorientation, inability to learn new information

Spontaneous Remission

get better without therapy, usually social support is involved

Treatments involving abstinence

AA, psychotherapy, chemical treatment

Disalfuram/Antiabuse

drug alcoholics take to help them quit, only helpful if they take it

Controlled Drinking

Drink less, doesn’t work in real life, 7/93 people were able to drink alcohol in moderation

Relapse

Most relapses occur within 90 days, and 12 months after treatment only 35% remain abstinent, more common than not, if alcoholism is a chronic=continued care is needed

Psychoactive Drugs

Cross the blood-brain barrier and alter mental functioning ex: morphine, adderall, Ritalin

Psychoactive/psychedelic drug TREATMENT

similar to treatment for alcohol

good=none

detox is somewhat ok

Schedule I

High Abuse potential no medical use

Ex: LSD heroin

Schedule II

High chance for abuse, some medical uses

Ex: Amphetamine, morphine, OxyContin

Schedule III

Moderate or low chance of abuse, medical uses, ex: codine, some tranquilizers

Schedule V

low chance of abuse, some medical uses, xanax, valium

Schedule IV

low chance for abuse, lots of medical uses, over the counter medication, ibuprofen, cough medicine

Outline Mesopotamia alcohol history

Amount drank: a lot

History: created earliest record of alcohol, Type drank: beer

View: positive

Outline Catholic alcohol history

Amount drank: moderate

View: didn’t forbid it but saw excess drinking as a sin, negative view of drinking

Outline China alcohol history

Amount drank: Daily

History: Drank at celebrations or social gatherings,

Type Drank: fermented rice wine, fermented grain alcohol

View: positive

Outline Temperance Movement alcohol history

Amount drank: none

History: they wanted to ban alcohol because they thought it caused crime, poverty, and family dysfunction

View: negative

Outline Greek alcohol history

Amount drank: moderate to a lot

History: drinking was a sign of social status

Type drank: wine

View: positive

Outline Inca alcohol history

Drank daily, they drank Chica, drank in religious rituals, ceremonies, and offerings to gods, last civilization to start, positive view of drinking

Amount drank: moderate to a lot

History: drinking was a sign of social status

Type drank: wine

View: positiveof drink

Outline Rome alcohol history

drank daily, during feasts, ceremonies, and socially, positive view of drinking moderation more for elites/philosophers, drinking wine was a sign of high to flex social class

Amount drank: daily

History: drinking was a sign of social status

Type drank: wine

View: positive of drink

anaerobic

short intense bursts of activity where the body uses energy from stored sources

ex: sprinting, HIIT

aerobic

elevates your heart rate aka cardio

ex: running, walking

isotonic

muscle contractions and the muscle changes in length

ex: squats, push-ups, pull-ups

isometric

muscle contraction without a change in muscle length or joint angle

ex: plank, wall sit

muscular strength

how much force your muscles can exert

muscle endurance

the ability of your muscles to sustain exercise for a period of time

flexibility

the ability to move muscles and joints through a full range of motion

Why is nicotine so highly addictive ?

it reduces the brain’s natural dopamine production and increases nicotine receptors

What is an important thing to include in an anti-smoking program for middle schoolers?

Showing graphic videos of the negative health outcomes in smokers

What is the most basic function of the respiratory system?

taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide

What is an outcome of nicotine use?

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and constriction of arteries 

True/False: Can drinking coffee help the body metabolize alcohol faster and reduce the amount of alcohol in your system?

False

Experts distinguish between alcohol addiction and alcohol dependence by     

considering compulsive behavior and damage to people’s lives

 What are Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase?

enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol

Who is more likely to be impacted by drinking? a.120lb female or b.180lb male

a

Sam has just taken a drug that leaves him feeling relaxed, but it has the side effect of giving him a cough. Sam has most likely 

a. consumed alcohol. 

b. smoked marijuana. 

c. consumed MDMA. 

d. smoked crack cocaine

b. smoked marijuana