Intro Anatomy and Physiology review quiz 1

What is anatomy?

Names of parts. Vocabulary, language, tradition, communication - memorization everyday.

What is Physiology?

How things work. Understanding, dynamic, -daydream.

What are some characteristics of life?

reproduction, cells, death, interact with environment (responsiveness), moves.

What are requirements of life?

gasses, nutrition, water, temperature.

On the feedback loop, what two things are at the top and the bottom of the figure 8?

Control center and thalamus

On the feedback loop, what temperature is the top of the figure 8 and what temperature is the bottom?

Top is too hot and bottom is too cold

On the top portion of the feedback loop, what direction are the arrows going? What about the bottom portion?

The top portion on the left side the arrow is facing up, and the right side it’s facing down. On the bottom portion the left side of the loop the arrow is facing down and on the right side its facing up.

Where does homeostasis happen on the feedback loop?

It happens in the middle of the figure 8, represented by two squiggly lines horizontally. Labeled Homeostasis (around a set point).

For both the top and the bottom of the figure 8 feedback loop, there are two labels on each side of the loop. What are they for the top?

For the top loop, the top right side label is effector- -sweat glands -blood vessels. The bottom label on the right side is -response, temp goes down. On the left the top label is receptor- (thermo receptor) and the bottom label on the left is stimulus, increasing temp.

For both the top and the bottom of the figure 8 feedback loop, there are two labels on each side of the loop. What are they for the bottom?

For the bottom loop, the top right side is -response increases temp. The bottom right label is Effectors- muscles (maybe even shivering). The label on the rop left is stimulus low temp, and the bottom left label is receptor.

What is homeostasis?

Negative feedback to keep a parameter within normal limits

Positive feedback:

High → Higher, low→lower. Birth, driving toward completion.

What are the units of an organism from smallest to largest?

Atoms, elements, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.

What is an atom?

Smallest unit of an element

What is an element?

Sodium, NA, Chlorine CL2, oxygen. Things in the periodic table.

What is a molecule?

H20, NaCl2

What is a macromolecule?

proteins

What is an organelle?

Components of cells. Ex. peroxisomes (somes: body), mitochondria etc.

What is a cell?

Cytology

What is a tissue?

Histology. 4 main/general types of tissues: epithelia tissue, muscle, connective, nervous.

What are organs?

Liver, pancreas, heart, lungs.

What are organ systems?

11 cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, respiratory, nervous, muscular, lymphatic, integumentary.

What are organisms?

You and I.

What components make up a cell membrane?

Trans membrane protein is rectangular, phosphate, lipid, phospholipid bilayer, fatty acid tail- 14 carbons long. Mostly lipid (relatively thick), (inc. cholestorol) trans membrane proteins.

Nucleolus:

within the nucleus made of RNA.

Nucleus:

center of the cell

Macromolecules can pass through what?

nuclear pores → nuclear envelope.

chromatin:

DNA loose

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum-

detoxifying: origin of membranes. liver- lots of cells with lots of smooth ER.

Rough ER-

has ribosomes attached- helps with production of proteins

ribosomes-

RNA- makes proteins with the help of mRNA and ribose body sugar.

Golgi body-

Shipping + receiving

Mitochondria-

power house of cell ADP→ ATP: cellular energy.

What does Lyso and Some mean in lysosome?

Lyso=breakdown, some=body.