Chapter 6 Equine Management

Fomite

inanimate objects contaminated by an infected individual that then come in contact with a susceptible animal or human.

Notifiable diseases

A disease that, when diagnosed, requires health providers (usually by law) to report to state or local public health officia

Reportable disease

diseases considered to be of great public health importance. Requires the veterinary by law to notify veterinary officials for the state or county where the diagnosis was made

Bacterial diseases

when pathogenic bacteria enter the body via wounds, ingestion, inhalation, or an opening to the body

Viral diseases

invade health cells, by killing or changing cells functions. Viruses require a host to replicate

Fungal diseases

caused by living, spore producing organism that are spread in the environment by the elements of nature

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Aspergillosis spp

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Fungal infection of the guttural pouch

Guttural Pouch Mycosis clinical signs include

epistaxis (nosebleed), nasal discharge, swelling of head, head shaking, CNS signs, difficulty breathing and swallowing

Botulism Caused by

Clostridium botulinum

Botulism is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurologic disease characterized by:

Profound weakness, Muscle fasciculations, Dysphagia

Valley fever is a dust borne, noncontagious infection caused by the fungus

Coccidioides immitis

Infections of _______________ are limited to dry, desert-like regions of the southwestern United States and to similar areas of Mexico and Central and South America

valley fever

Viral Equine Encephalitis

Rapidly progressive, highly fatal neurologic disease

Viral Equine Encephalitis clinical signs

weakness, head pressing, walking in a circle, fever, ataxia, changes in behavior, lethargy, depression, facial paralysis, tongue weakness, seizures, blindness

Natural transmission of EIA is by

blood feeding flies (horse flies and deer flies)

Horses with Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) are

Permanently infected
Become carriers for rest of life

Horses not traveling or sold should be tested yearly for

Equine Infectious Anemia

Proof of a negative ______ ____ is required for horses traveling domestically and internationally, as well as for competitions

Coggin’s test

more likely to occur where large groups of horses gather, such as shows, races, and events

Equine influenza

outbreaks of _______ __________ are increased in winter (nov-mar)

Equine influenza

Equine Herpesvirus (EHV), also known as Equine

Rhinopneumonitis

EHV-_, EHV-_ and EHV-_ pose the highest disease risk in the U.S. horse population

1, 3, 4

EHV-1 and EHV-4 can cause

upper respiratory disease, neurological disease, abortions, and/or neonatal death.

EHV-3 causes a

venereal disease called coital exanthema

highly contagious disease that can cause a 'flu-like' illness of varying severity and occasionally abortion or even death in horses

Equine Viral Arteritis

“dryland distemper” or “false strangles”

Pigeon Fever

Infection caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Pigeon Fever

with pigeon fever, large abscesses form on the

chest region or under the belly

pigeon fever is a _______ disease

Zoonotic

Potomac Horse Fever is also known as

Shasta River Crud and Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosi

Caused by the intracellular bacterium Neorickettsia risticii (trematode)

Potomac Horse Fever

Sporotrichosis, Also known as

Rose thorn disease, rose gardener’s disease

Sporotrichosis is a

Chronic, progressive, lymphocutaneous fungal infection of horses

Caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii

Sporotrichosis

Highly contagious disease caused by Streptococcus equi (a gram + cocci)

Strangles

strangles treatment

Difficult to treat successfully

strangles vaccine

Modified live virus intranasal vaccine

Caused by Clostridium tetani, found in soil

Tetanus

Fatal inflammation of the brain

west nile virus

Indicates obstruction of esophagus, Usually obstructed by grain or hay

choke

Sarcocystis neurona protozoan causes

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (Myelitis) EPM

pinworm can be seen near the

anal area

Roundworm - Parascaris equorum is seen in ______ and ______ horses

younger and older

Orange USDA tag=

vaccinated for Brucellosis

Which sense is dominant in cattle?

vision

What length of time does a cow produce milk per year?

300 days. a year

Which type of food is most often fed to beef cattle?

grains