ISElective1_CM7

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ISElective1_CM7

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31 Terms

1
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activities progress in a sequential manner

first gather some data, interpret, extract some requirements, process iterates

2
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Imply that requirements exist out there and we simply need to pick them up or catch them.

Gathering and Capturing

3
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Implies that "others" (presumably the clients or users) know the requirements and we have to get them to tell us.

Elicitation

4
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Normally used to describe the activity of investigating and analyzing an initial set of requirements that have been gathered, elicited, or captured.

requirements analysis

5
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recognizes that developing a set of requirements is an iterative process of evolution and negotiation, and one that needs to be carefully managed and controlled.

Requirements Engineering

6
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Statement about an intended product that specifies what it should do or how it should perform.

requirement

7
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<p>Different Kinds of Requirements: </p>

Different Kinds of Requirements:

Different Kinds of Requirements (Traditional): Functional Requirement

8
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<p>Different Kinds of Requirements: </p>

Different Kinds of Requirements:

Different Kinds of Requirements (Traditional): Non-Functional Requirement

9
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Different Kinds of Requirements: Capture what the product should do

Different Kinds of Requirements (Interaction Design): Functional Requirements

10
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Different Kinds of Requirements: Capture the type, volatility, size/amount, persistence, accuracy, and value of the amounts of the required data

Different Kinds of Requirements (Interaction Design): Data Requirements

11
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Different Kinds of Requirements: Refer to the circumstances in which the interactive product will be expected to operate

Different Kinds of Requirements (Interaction Design): Data Requirements

12
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Environmental Requirements: dusty? noisy? vibration? light? heat? humidity?

Environmental Requirements: Physical Environment

13
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Environmental Requirements: sharing of files, of displays, in paper, across great distances, work individually, privacy for clients

Environmental Requirements: Social Environment

14
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Environmental Requirements: user support, facilities or resources for training, stability of communication infrastructure, hierarchy in the management;

Environmental Requirements: Organizational Environment

15
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Environmental Requirements: what technologies will the product run on, compatibility, and technological limitations

Environmental Requirements: Technical Environment

16
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Capture the characteristics and attributes (User Profile) of the intended user group

A user may be a novice (needs step-by-step, constrained and clear information), an expert (flexibilty, access/power), a casual (clear instructions), or a frequent user (shorcuts)

Different Kinds of Requirements (Interaction Design): User Requirements

17
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Capture the usability goals and associated measures for a particular product
effectiveness, efficiency, safety, utility, learnability, and memorability

Different Kinds of Requirements (Interaction Design): Usability Requirements

18
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important part of the requirements activity and also of evaluation

Data gathering

19
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6 Data gathering techniques

questionnaires, interviews, focus groups and workshops, naturalistic observation, and studying documentation.

20
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• A series of questions designed to elicit specific information
• Questions may require different kinds of answers: (1) simple YES/NO, (2) choice of pre-supplied answer, (3) comment
• are sent in electronic form and arrive via email or are posted on a website, and sometimes they are given on paper
• In most cases the questionnaire is administered at a distance
• Good for answering specific questions from a large, dispersed group of people

Data gathering techniques: Questionnaires

21
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• involve asking someone a set of questions
• often conducted face-to-face but not necessary, may also be in telephone interview
• can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured
• are good at getting people to explore issues
• time consuming and it may not be feasible to interview all the people

Data gathering techniques: Interview

22
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are good at gaining a consensus view and/or highlighting areas of conflict and disagreement

Data gathering techniques: Groups and Workshops

23
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• involves spending some time with the stakeholders as they go about their day-to-day tasks, observing work as it happens, in its natural setting
• A member of the design team shadows a stakeholder, making notes, asking questions (but not too many), and observing what is being done in the natural context of the activity
• Requires time and commitment from a member of the design team, and it can result in a huge amount of data

Data gathering techniques: Naturalistic Observation

24
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Procedures and rules are often written down in manuals and these are a good source of data about the steps involved in an activity and any regulations governing a task

Data gathering techniques: Studying Documentation

25
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suggest that choosing between data-gathering techniques rests on two issues: the nature of the data gathering technique itself and the task to be studied.

Olson and Moran (1996)

26
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Data gathering techniques differ in two ways:

  1. Amount of time, level of detail and risk associated with the findings

  2. Knowledge the analyst requires

27
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an "informal narrative description" (Carroll, 2000). It describes human activities or tasks in a story that allows exploration and discussion of contexts, needs, and requirements. It does not explicitly describe the use of software or other technological support to achieve a task.

scenario

28
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emphasizes on a user-system interaction rather than the user's task itself. A ______ is associated with an actor, and it is the actor's goal in using the system that the use case wants to capture.

Use cases

29
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represent abstractions from scenarios, i.e., they represent a more general case than a scenario embodies, and try to avoid the assumptions of a traditional use case.

structured narrative consisting of three parts: a name that expresses the overall user intention, a stepped description of user actions, and a stepped description of system responsibility.

Essential use cases

30
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used mainly to investigate an existing situation, to envision new systems or devices. It is used to analyze the underlying rationale and purpose of what people are doing: what are they trying to achieve, why are they trying to achieve it, and how are they going about it.

Task analysis

31
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originally designed to identify training needs (Annett and Duncan, 1967). It involves breaking a task down into subtasks and then into sub-subtasks and so on. These are then grouped together as plans that specify how the tasks might be performed in an actual situation.

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)