HIST 1110 - Survey of World History Ch 4 "Worlds Together Worlds Apart" Final Exam

HIST 1110 - Survey of World History Ch 4 "Worlds Together Worlds Apart" Final Exam

What 4 events led to the creation of empires?

Climate Change, Migrations, Technological Innovations, and New Administrative Power.

In what ways did drought/climate change affect pre-empire communities?

Egypt experienced invaders from the previously unpopulated lands, the Hittites begged other societies for food, Myceaneans declined as trade lessened in their trade-based community, and China's dust storms ruined agriculture, causing famine.

How did migration affect pre-empire communities?

People overwhelmed the trade routes, nomads fought for the fertile Indus land, and the Zhao overwhelmed the Shang.

What innovations shaped early empires?

Camels quickened travel, and iron began the Iron Age. These stronger tools meant that people could farm in drier or less fertile lands.

What were the characteristics of the Neo-Assyrian Empire?

This was the first empire, and they ruled with propaganda-based millitary power that stretched throughout the land. The hierarchy was strict, taxes funded the armies, and the empire eventually collapsed due to civil wars.

The Persians arose after the collapse of the first empire (after Neo-Babylonian rule for like 2 seconds) and how did they differ from the previous empire?

This empire was much gentler than the previous group. They were nomads, so they decided to preserve and promote old culture. Through a focus on mutual benefit, they absorbed Anatolian Hittites, Greece, and even part of Egypt (now a multiethnic empire).

What were the characteristics of the Persian empire?

This empire defined equality as being loyal to the government. Here, a new religion formed, Zoroastrianism. The king was also under a moral obligation, just as the citizens were. Here, trade was quite common, and open architecture meant that people could intertwine. They built tunnels and canals, and roads for better commmunication.

What did the Sea Peoples do?

These people, from Europe, took over the Agean areas and won against the Hittites. Both Myceaneans and the Minoans suffered from their attacks, whether through lack of trade or a direct attack.

What were the Greeks up to at this time?

This culture was minor, and the Persians took over them. They were not happy, and eventually, through sea techniques, they would be the downfall of that empire.

What did the Phonecians contribute to trade at this time?

These people had a ton of wood in their land, so they traded that along with rich materials. They sailed throughout the Mediterranean and developed the alphabet.

What happened to the Israelites? (They were south of the Phoenecians)

They collapsed into 2 kingdoms after a short time.

The Vedic People learned how to be settled through agriculture, but what was the other factor that caused them to start building a society?

These people had a common religion and language even though they lived in small communities. They formed trading routes to get horses, and their religion prescribed social classes (varnas), which could have originated from different clan classifications.

The Shang and Zhou used to live harmoniously together. What changed, and what were the effects of this change?

A drought happened, and the weaker group could not get enough resources for their population. Eventually, they took over and expanded the territory into less fertile lands, where they used irrigation to provide good grounds for planting. The population grew, and this place formed hierarchies and a non-centralized government that was political, not controlling or religious. Like their predecessors, this place forcused on ancestral worship and bronze. Instead of constantly expanding, they focused on stabilizing their current lands. They eventually fell because of steppe peoples.