Diabetes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about Type I and Type II Diabetes

Type I Diabetes

Insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed, leading to a lack of insulin.

Type II Diabetes

Defects at the cell membrane prevent the normal action of insulin; the pancreas cannot keep up with the insulin the body needs.

Etiology of Type I Diabetes

Autoimmune process where the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells or other factors include genetics, environment (viruses, exposure to cow's milk, and cytotoxins), or surgical-induced causes (pancreatic resection).

Etiology of Type II Diabetes

Defects at the cell membrane that prevent normal action of insulin; the pancreas cannot keep up with the insulin the body needs. Insulin resistance develops requiring increased levels of insulin in order to drive glucose into cells.

Modifiable Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes

BMI > 26, physical inactivity, HDL less than or equal to 35 and/or triglyceride level greater than or equal to 250 mg/dL, metabolic syndrome.

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes

Family history, African Americans, Latino, Native Americans, Asian Americans, or Pacific Islander, women who delivered a baby weighing greater than or equal to 9lb or who had gestational diabetes, HTN, PCOS, HbA1c greater than or equal to 5.7%, Hx of cardiovascular diseases.

Type I Diabetes Medication

Insulin

Rapid Acting Insulin: Onset, Peak, and Duration

Onset: 15 min, Peak: 1-3 hrs, Duration: 3-5 hrs

Short Acting Insulin: Onset, Peak, and Duration

Onset: 30 min, Peak: 1½-3½ hrs, Duration: 8 hrs

Intermediate Acting Insulin: Onset, Peak, and Duration

Onset: 1-1½ hrs, Peak: 4-12 hrs, Duration: up to 24 hrs

Long Acting Insulin: Onset, Peak, and Duration

Onset: 3-6 hrs, Peak: Constant, Duration: 24 hrs