PSY 3410 Chapter 1

What are scientist-practitioners in mental health?

Mental health professionals who apply scientific methods to their work and keep current with research.

What is the presenting problem in therapy?

The original complaint reported by the client to the therapist.

Define clinical description in psychology.

Details of the combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder.

What does prevalence measure in psychology?

The number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time.

What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period, while prevalence measures existing cases.

What is chronic course in psychopathology?

A type of disorder that tends to last a long time, sometimes for a lifetime, such as schizophrenia.

Explain acute onset vs. insidious onset in psychological disorders.

Acute onset begins suddenly, while insidious onset develops gradually over an extended period.

What is prognosis in psychology?

The anticipated course or predicted future development of a disorder over time.

What is etiology in the context of psychological disorders?

The cause or source of a disorder, including biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

What is the significance of correlation does not imply causality?

It indicates that just because two variables are correlated, it does not mean one causes the other.

Who is considered the father of modern western medicine?

Hippocrates.

What is the humoral theory of disorders?

The belief that psychological disorders are related to the balance of four bodily fluids or humors.

Define moral therapy.

A psychosocial approach that involves treating patients normally in normal environments to reinforce social interaction.

What is the main focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Combining behavioral and cognitive insights to address psychological disorders through learning and adaptation.

What is systematic desensitization?

A behavioral therapy technique to diminish excessive fears through gradual exposure paired with relaxation.

Who developed classical conditioning?

Ivan Pavlov.

What was the primary goal of behaviorism?

To predict and control behavior.

Define transference in psychoanalysis.

When clients relate to the therapist as if they were important authority figures, particularly their parents.

What does the id represent in Freud's structural model of the mind?

The source of strong sexual and aggressive feelings or energies.

What does the ego do according to Freud's theory?

It finds realistic and practical ways to satisfy the drives of the id.

Define unconditional positive regard in humanistic therapy.

Acceptance by the counselor of the client's feelings and actions without judgment.

What is the focus of psychodynamic psychotherapy?

Emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts while being briefer and focused on specific problems.

What did Emil Kraepelin contribute to psychology?

He was influential in distinguishing among various psychological disorders and their symptoms.

What is the goal of psychoanalytic therapy?

To explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious.