Studied by 22 peopleplasma membrane
Forms boundary between cell and extracellular environment and regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell.
ribosomes
Makes polypeptides (proteins). Located free in the cytoplasm or bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration (production of ATP). Located in the cytoplasm
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis, folding and modification of proteins. Transport of proteins through the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis of lipids (oils, phospholipids, steroids). transport of these materials through the cell. Detoxification of drugs and poisons.
golgi apparatus
Changes proteins and lipids receives from endoplasmic reticulum. Sorts, packages and stores proteins and lipids. Transports these in vesicles through the cell
nucleus
Contains most of the cell’s genetic material (DNA) which regulates all the activities of the cell
nucleolus
Makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA). Assembles ribosomal subunits
centrioles
Involved in organising microtubule assembly (spindle formation) in plants
vacuoles
Provides plant cell volume and stores inorganic ions and metabolic waste
cytoskeleton
Adds shape and mechanical support and regulates cellular activities
chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis with specialised plastids containing the green pigment chlorophyll
cell wall
Protects and maintains the cell shape and prevents too much water uptake. outside the plasma membrane of a plant cell
lysosomes
Intracellular digestion of macromolecules. recycles cellular components (autophagy)
cilia
Protects animal cells and helps the cell move substances across
phospholipids
Comprised of a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic lipid tail
integral proteins
Vital components of the plasma membrane that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
peripheral protein
Anchored to the outside of the plasma membrane through lipid bonding or interactions with integral proteins
cholesterol
Sterol compound that aids the composition of cell membranes, puts space between fatty acids and ensures flexibility in extreme temperatures
glycolipids
Small chains of carbohydrates attached to phospholipids and proteins that aid in cell recognition
glycoproteins
Combination formed when a carbohydrate group attaches to the exposed part of an integral protein
passive transport
Movement from an area of a high concentration to a low concentration
active transport
Movement from a low concentration to a high concentration with ATP (energy)
facilitated diffusion
When channel or carrier proteins assist particles in diffusion without the use of ATP
simple diffusion
Net movement of a substance from an area of a high concentration to a low concentration
channel protein
Form narrow passageways for small ions to travel through
carrier protein
Bind to specific molecules on one side and change shape to release it on the other side
osmosis
The movement of water down the concentration gradient
hypotonic
When the solute concentration is lower outside than inside
hypertonic
When the solute concentration is higher outside of the cell
isotonic
When the solute concentration is equal throughout the cell
pumps
Special transport proteins that use energy to move small polar molecules against the concentration gradient
endocytosis
Bulk transport of material into a cell
phagocytosis
Bulk transport of solid materials into the cell
pinocytosis
Form of endocytosis that involves materials in a solution
exocytosis
Bulk transport of materials out of the cell
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Flashcard (31)