BLecture4+Gluconeogensis+%28POST%29_MW24

formation of ethanol

fomraiton of lactate

when is lactate formed

in low/no oxygen environments

in red blood cells that dont have mitochondria needed for pyruvate oxidation

lactic acid fermentation

principles of biosynthesis

1) Pathway for synthesis of a biomolecule is different from pathway for its degradation (anabolic vs. catabolic).

(2) Biosynthesis and degradatory pathways are controlled by different regulatory enzymes. Initial steps of biosynthesis are regulated.

(3)Energy requiring biosynthetic processes are coupled to the breakdown of ATP in such a way to make overall process irreversible.

gluconeogenesis 1st bypass

pyruvate to PE

P

gluconeogenesis 1st bypass

gluconeogenesis cost

4 ATP

2 GTP

2 NADH + H@

Glycolysis produces..

2 ATP

2 NADH + H+

Cori cycle

pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

production of pentoses and NADPH for biosynthesis

oxidative phase of PPP

regulation of PPP/glycolysis

Favism

disease caused by deficiency in Glc-6-P dehydrogenase

degrdation causes accumulation of toxic oxidant

• usually detoxified by NADPH from PPP

oxidants distrupt membranes —> anemia (favism)

however, people with this deficiency are more resistant to malaria - > Plasmodium falsiparum is sensitive to oxidative stress.

• mutation is common in parts of word where malaria is common