music theory

affections - music theroy

the prevailing emotions of a section of music or an entire piece. Composers in the Baroque era (c. 1600-1750) aimed to represent these affections through specific musical elements.

terraced dynamics

A expressive style of dynamics used in Baroque music where sudden shifts in volume occur, rather than gradual crescendos or decrescendos, enhancing the emotional impact of the music.

clavichord

a keyboard instrument popular in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods, known for its soft sound and ability to produce expressive dynamics.

basso continuo

a continuous bass part used in Baroque music, typically played by a keyboard instrument and a bass instrument, providing harmonic support for the melody.

figured bass

a musical notation system that indicates chords and harmonies above a bass line, commonly used in Baroque music, allowing performers to improvise harmonies.

movement

a self-contained segment of a larger musical work, typically characterized by its own tempo and theme.

concerto grossi

a form of Baroque music featuring a small group of solo instruments contrasted with a larger orchestra, often structured in multiple movements.

tutti

a musical term meaning "all" in Italian, referring to the full orchestra playing together as opposed to features soloists.

ritornello form

a musical structure commonly used in Baroque concertos, featuring a recurring main theme that alternates with contrasting episodes.

ritornello

a recurring theme in a Baroque concerto that serves as a framework for the piece.

baroque

a style of music and art that flourished in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1750, characterized by grandeur, emotion, and expressive detail.

early vs late baroque

refers to the two distinct phases of the Baroque period, with early Baroque (approximately 1600-1650) emphasizing new styles and innovations, while late Baroque (approximately 1650-1750) features more complex forms, harmonic expansion, and ornamentation.

aristocracy and baroque

The relationship between the wealthy ruling class and the cultural developments in Baroque art and music, often supported by aristocratic patronage.

Johann Bach

A German composer and musician of the Baroque period, known for his influential works in music such as the Brandenburg Concertos, Mass in B minor, and The Well-Tempered Clavier.

George Handel

A prominent German-British composer of the Baroque period, known for his operas, oratorios, and concertos, particularly the famous "Messiah."

unity of mood

A principle in Baroque music where a single mood or emotional character is maintained throughout a piece, often reflecting the specific feelings intended by the composer.

baroque rhythm

The characteristic rhythmic style of Baroque music, often featuring patterns of repetition and varying tempos to enhance the emotional expression. Continuity of rhythm

melody of baroque

The melody in Baroque music is often characterized by elaborate ornamentation and a strong sense of direction, typically flowing in a continuous manner and supporting the harmonic structure, often showcasing the emotional depth of the piece.

dynamics of baroque

The dynamics of Baroque music are often marked by contrasts in volume, utilizing techniques such as terraced dynamics to create dramatic shifts in intensity and emotional expression throughout a piece.

baroque musical texture

is typically complex and polyphonic, featuring interweaving melodic lines that create depth and sophistication in the overall sound.

chords and basso continuo in baroque

are often built using triads and seventh chords, characterized by their functional harmony and voice leading, supporting the overall structure and expressiveness of the music.