Medical Entomology 5/7

What are the direct* of arthropods on human and animal health?

(Effects on quality of life and health resulting from immediate and direct interaction with an arthropod

No third-party mediator (like a pathogen or another host))

Nuisance

- They annoying and gross

Myasis

- Direct invasion of the host tissue

- Major problem in animal health

Allergies

- Direct contact may result in toxins, venoms, or biological compounds entering the skin/bloodstream of an animal

- The organism's immune system responds and causes an allergic reaction

(Correct Nuisance, Myasis, and Allergies)

What are the indirect* effects of arthropods on human and animal health?

(Effect caused by an agent that was acquired during contact with a vector)

Disease

- Biological vectors

- Arthropod indirectly causes infection by infecting organism with a pathogen

Disease triangle, what is the vector, pathogen, and host for the West Nile Virus

Vector: Mosquitos

Pathogen: West Nile Virus (draw how it look micro)

Host: Human or Bird

What modifications do insects have for blood feeding

Insects have specialized mouthparts for blood feeding. They also have lapping from a pool of blood after cutting into the skin

practice of feeding on blood

Hematophagy HE-MA-TOF-AH-JEE

why does a blood feeding insect's mouthparts allow for transmission of disease?

Because pathogens are picked up by eating blood and then sticking it into other organisms

How do circulatory pathogens move in an arthropod and then infect a human or animal?

Pathogen is acquired through blood meal

infects the cells of the midgut

it leaves midgut cells, entering hemolymph

it travels through hemolymph to infect salivary gland cells to enter the saliva for further transmission

The arthropod then bites another human or animal and infects them.