Antibacterial Agents and Related Drug Classes

These flashcards cover key concepts, drug classes, dosing information, and important considerations related to antibacterial agents and other drug classes as discussed in the lecture.

What class of drugs does penicillin belong to?

Penicillins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics.

What are some common side effects of penicillins?

Renal toxicity and decreased effectiveness of birth control.

What should be noted about administering benzathine penicillin G?

It should only be administered intramuscularly and not intravenously.

What is the dosing frequency for amoxicillin used in acute otitis media?

500 mg to 1 g every 8 to 12 hours.

What are first-generation cephalosporins primarily effective against?

They are effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

What is a notable test for monitoring levels of aminoglycosides?

Monitor peak and trough serum levels.

What pregnancy category does cephalexin belong to?

Pregnancy Category B.

What is the dosing for azithromycin on the first day of treatment?

500 mg on day 1, followed by 250 mg on days 2-5.

What class of antibiotics is known for causing QT prolongation?

Macrolides can cause QT prolongation.

What special instructions are associated with moxifloxacin?

It does not require renal adjustment.

Which drugs are considered anti-fungals for systemic infections?

Amphotericin B and flucytosine are both used for systemic fungal infections.

How is tuberculosis treated when a patient has a history of liver issues?

Adjust isoniazid and monitor for hepatotoxicity.

Which anti-viral drug is used primarily for treatment of HSV and VZV?

Acyclovir is used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus.

What monitoring is needed with the use of linezolid?

Monitor trough levels to ensure it remains below 2 μg/ml.

Which drug class does vancomycin belong to, and what should be monitored due to its toxicity?

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, and nephrotoxicity should be monitored.

What is a risk associated with using fluoroquinolones?

Risk of tendon rupture and peripheral neuropathy.

What should be avoided while taking tetracyclines?

Avoid multivalent cations such as antacids and iron supplements.

What is the pregnancy category for aminoglycosides?

Aminoglycosides are typically categorized as Category C.

What is the recommended action for patients taking rifampin with hormonal contraceptives?

Advise patients that rifampin can decrease the effectiveness of birth control pills.