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Ekistics
The science of human settlements, coined by Constantinos A. Doxiadis, which encompasses various disciplines such as economics, cultural disciplines, social sciences, technical disciplines, and political science & administration.
Human Settlement
A settlement inhabited by humans, which should satisfy the needs of its inhabitants and consist of both natural and man-made elements.
Geographic limits of the earth
The entire geographical area that encompasses human settlements.
Underdeveloped countries
Countries that lack sufficient resources and infrastructure to meet the needs of their inhabitants.
Marginalized people
Individuals or groups who are socially and economically disadvantaged and often excluded from mainstream society.
Displaced people
Individuals who have been forced to leave their homes due to conflict, natural disasters, or other reasons.
Inadequate facilities
Facilities in human settlements that are insufficient to meet the growing needs of the population.
Aesthetic realities
The visual appearance and beauty of human settlements, which can vary greatly.
Venice
A city known for its refusal to grow and its preservation of its historical character.
Monte Carlo, Brunei, Beverly Hills
Examples of settlements inhabited by small groups, mostly of high-income individuals, that have maintained their original character over time.1. Human Settlement:A place where people live and interact with each other.
Chaos
A state of disorder and confusion.
Population
The number of people living in a particular area.
Migration
The movement of people from one place to another.
Urban Settlement
A densely populated area with buildings and infrastructure.
Machines
Mechanical devices that have an impact on human lives.
Socialization
The process of becoming part of a society and adopting its norms and values.
Growth
The increase in size or number over time.
Planning
The process of organizing and arranging resources to achieve a goal.
Content
The essential components or elements of something.
Container
The physical structure or framework that holds something.
Ekistic Elements
The essential elements of human settlements according to Doxiadis.
Society
A group of individuals living together and interacting with each other.
Networks
Systems of transportation, communication, and utilities that connect settlements.
Shells
Buildings and structures that provide protection and serve various purposes.
Nature
The natural environment in which human settlements are located.
Ecosystem
A community of living organisms and their physical environment.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustain.
Displacement
The act of being forced out of one's original place or position.
Neurotic
Having excessive anxiety or emotional instability.
Psychotic
Experiencing a loss of contact with reality.
Cohesion
The state of being united or connected.
Habitat
The natural environment in which a particular species lives.
Alienation
The feeling of being isolated or disconnected from one's surroundings.
Utopia
An imagined perfect or ideal place or society.1. Escapist notion:Man's dissatisfaction with his permanent habitat and desire to escape to a new type of surrounding, often finding greater happiness and comfort in his car rather than his home.
Disintegration
The process of a settlement not developing in accordance with the needs of a community, leading to its breakdown.
Decaying and Abandoned Settlements
Physical shells of settlements that demonstrate continuous disintegration and are left behind by evolution, with their physical wealth (facilities and amenities) disintegrating.
New centers
Created through the transfer of wealth from one area to another, often leading to the loss of vitality in old settlements.
Over congestion
The centers of cities becoming overcrowded and overbuilt, often due to irrational mixing of residence, industry, transportation, and other factors.
Spoiling nature
The negative impact of settlement expansion on the environment, including taking valuable land, altering the countryside with projects like highways and dams, and spoiling the aesthetic quality of an area.
Crisis
The current situation leading towards a disaster, characterized by an unbearable situation within human settlements, dangers created by uncoordinated technological expansion, and the neglect of resource conservation.
Causes of problems in human settlement
The unprecedented increase in population, rapid urbanization, significant increase in average per capita income, unexpected technological progress, and the social and political impact of these factors on human life.1. Innovations:New ideas, inventions, or improvements that bring about change and progress.
Failure to Respond
The inability to adapt and adjust to the rapid rate of change in society.
Population growth
The increase in the number of people living in a particular area.
Economic and social evolution
The development and changes in the economy and society over time.
Urban wealth
The accumulation of resources, wealth, and opportunities in urban areas.
Supply and demand
The relationship between the availability of a product or service and the desire or need for it.
Synthesis
The combination or integration of different elements to create something new.
Slum
A heavily populated urban area characterized by poor housing conditions and inadequate infrastructure.
Human Settlements
Places where people live, including cities, towns, and villages.
Quality of Human Settlements
The overall standard and condition of living in a particular human settlement.
Building code restrictions
Regulations and standards that dictate the design, construction, and safety of buildings.
Density
The number of people or objects in a given area.
Over expansion
The excessive growth and expansion of a city beyond its capacity.
Utopian attempts
Efforts to create an ideal and perfect society or living environment.
Commute
The regular journey made by a person between their home and place of work or study.
Bulldozing
The act of demolishing buildings or communities using heavy machinery.
Compact urban concrete jungles
Highly dense and crowded urban areas with little green space or natural elements.
Planners, architects, and engineers
Professionals involved in the design, development, and construction of cities and buildings.
Unite d'Habitation
A housing project designed by Le Corbusier in Marseilles, France, known for its controversial and imposing architecture.
Lewis Mumford
A prominent urban planner and critic known for his writings on the negative impacts of urbanization.1. Confusion:A state of uncertainty or lack of clarity.
Inevitable
Something that is certain to happen and cannot be avoided.
Transitional
Relating to a period of change or transition.
Ameliorated
Improved or made better.
Coordination
The act of organizing and working together in a synchronized manner.
Human Settlements
The places where people live, including cities, towns, and villages.
Architect
A professional who designs buildings and structures.
Planner
A professional who creates plans and layouts for cities and urban areas.
Engineer
A professional who designs and builds public utilities and structures.
Administrator
A person responsible for managing and solving problems in local government.
Economist
A person who studies and analyzes money matters and economic development.
Social Scientists
Professionals who study human behavior and society.
Community Facilities
Public amenities and services available to a community.
Economists
Professionals who study and analyze economic development.
Engineers
Professionals who design and build structures and infrastructure.
City Officials
Individuals responsible for governing and managing a city.
Mayors
Elected leaders of a city or town.
Traditional Authorities
Established governing bodies or institutions.
Seers
Pioneer thinkers in urban planning from 1880-1945.
Anglo-American Group
Thinkers from England and the United States.
Continental European Group
Thinkers from mainland Europe.
Middle Class
The social group between the upper and lower classes.
Public Housing
Government-owned housing provided for low-income individuals or families.
Ethnic Ghettos
Areas where specific ethnic or cultural groups live in concentrated communities.
Outward Movement
The expansion of cities and urban areas into suburban or rural areas.
Public Transport
Transportation services available to the general public.
Private Car
Personal vehicle owned by an individual.1. Industrialization:The process of developing industries in a country or region.
Urbanization
The process of population growth and the development of cities.
Public transport
Transportation services available for use by the general public, such as buses, trams, and trains.
Middle class
The social class between the upper class and the working class, typically consisting of professionals, managers, and skilled workers.
Working class
The social class consisting of people who work for wages, typically in manual labor jobs.
Slum
A heavily populated urban area characterized by poor living conditions and inadequate infrastructure.
Urban planning
The process of designing and organizing cities and towns to ensure efficient land use and improve quality of life.
Garden City
A planned community that combines the advantages of both urban and rural living, with a focus on green spaces and a healthy environment.
New towns movement
A movement that advocates for the creation of new towns outside of existing cities to alleviate urban problems and promote balanced development.
Decentralization
The process of dispersing power, resources, or functions away from a central authority or location.
Green belt
An area of open land surrounding an urban area, often protected from development to preserve natural habitats and provide recreational space.1. Letchworth:The first garden city started by Ebenezer Howard in Northern Hertfordshire in 1903.
Welwyn Garden City
A garden city started by Ebenezer Howard in 1920.
Sir Frederick Osborn
One of Howard's followers who was a prolific and brilliant writer.
Neighborhood Unit
Howard's idea of dividing towns into wards of 5,000 people each, with local shops, schools, and other services.
Raymond Unwin
An architect and planner who worked on the Hampstead Garden Suburb and influenced the neighborhood unit concept.
