U.S History Exam

Eleanor Roosevelt

wife of franklin roosevelt, she played huge role in gettting african american men and women performing and being noticed

voting rights act of 1965

made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by eliminating the literacy test and authorizing federal examiner to enroll voters denied at the local level

Grandfather Clause

If your grandfather voted before January 1897 then you could vote

Limited Test Ban Treaty

treaty in which the U.S and Soviet Union agreed not to conduct nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere

House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)

congressional committee that investigated communist influence inside and outside the U.S government in the years following WW2

Joseph Stalin

he took control of Russia in 1924 when V.I Lenin passed away. He wanted to create a model communist state.

Benito Mussolini

Governor of Italy from 1922-1943, he was anti-communist, imperialistic and very strong leader

Adolf Hitler

was arrested and charged with reason, then decided to write Mein Kempf while in prison. He always wanter to be an artist. He was elected chancellor and he combined chancellor and president

Neville Chamberlain

British prime minister, known for appeasement and declared war on Germany in 1939. He lead Great Britain for 8 months.Was apart of the munich Agreement and did not want war

Winston Churchill

he was a political rival for the leadership of Great Britains. His opinion is that Britain and France had the ability to have war or dishonor and they chose both. He lead britain to a huge victory and wanted war.

Hideki Tojo

prime minister of Japan, he called the shots and was the general to the Japanese Army

Dwight D. Eisenhower

was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the U.S from 1953-1961

Harry S. Truman

was Franklins sucessor, he led the U.S through the final stages of WW2

George Patton

was a general in the United States Army, he commanded the 7th United States Army during WW2

Douglas MacArthur

was U.S general who commanded the southwest pacific theater in WW2

Chester Nimitz

commander in chief during WW2, he was commanding allied, air, land, and sea

J Robert Oppenheimer

he was credited “father of the atomic bomb” he was the first to make a nuclear weapon

Alger Hiss

he worked for the state department and was a soviet spy in the U.S. Was eventually charged with perjury for lying

Joseph McCarthy

he attacked many communists and soviet spies with a group of others to go along with him. He terrorized innocent people he thought were communists

Rosenbergs

American spies that were caught in the soviet union. They learned that the soviets exploded a bomb. In the end they were charged with the death penalty

Hollywood ten

ten witnesses from the film industry who refused to cooperate with the HUAC’s investigation of communist influence in Hollywood

Nikita Khruschev

was the first secretary of the communist party of the soviet union. He conducted negotiations with the U.S to reduce the cold war.

John Foster Dulles

Dwight Eisenhowers secretary of state, anti-communist. He helped with the brinkmanship of the U.S.

Francis Gary Powers

was a US-2 Pilot for the americans that was captured by the soviets. Then was exchanged for Abel with the U.S and Soviet

Chiang Kai= Shek

ruled the south nationalists, relied on financial aid from the U.S. There government struggled with inflation and economy failing. He was determined and had lots of courage.

Mao Zeodong

was the north communist leader, relied on the financial aid from the Soviet Union. He promised to land reform appealed to peasants

Franklin D. Roosevelt

was a democrat, he built a powerful coolition with Britain and the Soviet Union. He led the nation to a victory against the Nazi Germany

Totalitarianism

a government that is maintained complete control over its citizens. Individuals have no rights and government surpresses all opposition

Fascism

a political movement consisting of strong, centralized government headed be a powerful dictator

Nazism

a political philosophy based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militarisitc expansionism,. Adolf Hitler put this into practice in Germany from 1933 to 1945

Nuetrality act

a series of laws enacted in 1935 and 1936 to prevent U.S arms sales and loans to nations at war

appeasement

the granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace

Blitzkrieg

offensive warfare that is responsive for Nazi Germany’s military success

axis powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan signed a mutual defense treaty and became known as this…

Allied powers

these nations had to fight the other powers, this group consist of Great Britain, U.S, and Soviet Union

Lend-lease plan

passed in 1941 that allowed the United State to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting the axis powers

Atlantic Charter

a 1941 declaration of principles in which the United State and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the axis powers

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents. They also rationed foods such as meat, butter, cheese, vegatables, sugar, and coffee

War Production Board (WPB)

they decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production. Organized nationwide drives to collect iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and cooking fat

Rationing

a restriction of what people can buy for groceries or clothing, during wartime this was big

Battle of the Bulge

this was the U.S greatest struggle to stop Adolf Hitler, and was the last German offensive of the war

V-E Day

May 8, 1945, where general Eisenhowers acceptance to the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany marked the end of WW2 of Europe

Manhattan project

the project the U.S put together during WW2 for the race of the first atomic bomb to be created between countries

Hiroshima

was the first country to be bombed when the Japanese did not surrender. Was called the “Little Boy” bomb

Nagasaki

was the second country to be bombed by an atomic bomb, was bombed with the “fat man” bomb

Yalta Conference

the leaders of the U.S, GB, and the Soviet Union agreed on a set of measures to be implemented after the defeat of Germany. Germany would be split into 4 zones if the Germans surrendered

United Nations (UN)

the international peace keeping organization which most nations in the world belong to, was found to promote world peace, security, and economic development

Nuremberg Trials

the court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany to try Nazi Leaders for war crimes

GI Bill

a 1944 law that provided financial and educational benefits for WW2 veterans

Satellite Nations

a country that is dominated politically and economically by another nations

Containment

the blocking of another nation’s attempts to spread it’s influence- especially the efforts of the U.S to stop the spread of communism from the Soviets

Cold war

the state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the U.S. and Soviet Union after WW2

Truman Doctrine

a U.S policy initiating the providing of economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents

Marshall Plan

the United States supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WW2

Berline Airlift

an airlift operation in which the United States and British planes flew food and supplies into west berlin after the soviets blockaded the city in 1948

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

a defense military alliance formed in 1949 by ten western european countries, the U.S. and Canada

Taiwan (Formosa)

an island to the east of the mainland China

38th Parallel

an imaginery line that bisects Korea at 38 degrees north latitude

Korean War

a conflict between North and South Korea, the U.S along with other UN countries fought on the side of the south Koreans and China fought on the North Korea side

Blacklist

a list of about 500 actors, writers, producers. and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of the alleged communist communications

McCarthyism

the attacks on people suspected of being communists in the early 1950s

H-Bomb

a thermo-nuclear weapon much more powerful than the atomic bomb

Brinkmanship

the practiced threatening on enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression, willing to go to any point for war

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

U.S agency created to gather secret information about foreign governments, made the U-2 plane

Warsaw Pact

a military alliance formed in 1955 by the soviet union and its European satlites, the soviet unions wanted to strengthen its hold over other countries

Eisenhower Doctrine

U.S commitment to defend the middle east against any attack by any communist country

U-2 Incident

the downing of a U.S spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960

John F. Kennedy

was the youngest president, was very confident, catholic, democrat. He tripled the nuclear capabilities, and warned the soviets about the Americans nuclear weapons. Was asasinated in a car

flexible response

the Kennedy administration created it and it focused on preparing for variety of military responses to international crises rather than focusing on the use of nuclear weapons

Fidel Castro

Cuban leader who was a communist, who had Soviet missiles in his country

Berlin Wall

Concrete wall that separates East and West Berlin, was built by communists. East Germans Government to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the West

Bay of Pigs

was a failed attack launched by the CIA during the Kennedy administration to push cuban leader from power in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis

soviets made an agreement to protect Cuba with Soviet arms, but instead they use Cuba as a missile launch area towards the U.S. The U.S did not just stand around and watch it happen

Hot line

a communication link established between the U.S white house and Soviet Unions to contact each other in times of crisis

New Frontier

President Kennedy’s legislative program, which included proposals to provide medical care for the elderly, to rebuild blighted urban areas, to aid education, to bolster the national defense, to increase international aid, and expand the space program

mandate

the authority to act that on elected official recieves from the voters who elected him or her

peace corps

an agency establised to provide volunteer assistance to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Alliance For Progress

a U.S foreign-aid program of the 1960s, providing economic and technical assistance to Latin america countries

Warren Commission

group that investigated the assassination of president Kennedy and concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was alone responsible

Lyndon B. Johnson

was kennedy’s vice president who became president not long after kennedys assasination

Economic Opportunity Act

a law that provided fund for youth programs, antipoverty measures, small-business loans, and job-training

Great Society

Johnsons program to reduce poverty and to promote a better quality of life in the U.S.

Medicare

federal program that provides hospital insurance and low-cost medical insurance to Americans aged 65 and older

medicaid

a federal program that provides health insurance for people on welfare

warren court

the supreme court during the period when Earl Warren was chief Justice, They expanded civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and federal power

Miranda Rights

says that all suspects must be read their rights

Plessy V. Ferguson

a case in which the supreme court ruled that segregation of the races in public accommodations was legal, establishing “separate but equal”

Poll Tax

an annual tax that formerly had to be paid to anyone wishing to vote, was made to keep African Americans from voting

Thurgood Marshall

He led a group of law students and won 29 out of 32 cases brought to the supreme court. He won the Brown V Board of Education Case. Was an NAACP attorney

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 case that the supreme court ruled that the segregation in schools was unconstitiuitional

Rosa Parks

NAACP officer who refused to get up for a white man to sit down. Then she got arrested and this caused the bus boycott

Martin Luther King Jr.

he lead a march for the jobs and freedom for the colored, he used nonviolence to stop segregation

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

purpose was to carry a non-violent crusade against the evils of second-class citizenship, they staged protests and demonstrations throughout the south

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

this was a national protest group that was nonviolent, they hoped to harness the energy of these student protestors. they started sit-ins and Freedom riders

Sit-Ins

used this to protest discrimmination, would sit down and waited to be served, would not leave until served.

freedom riders

one of the acts they completed by riding around in buses in the south to challenge segregation

James Meredith

air force veteran, who won a federal court case that allowed him to enroll in an all-white university of Mississippi, he was denied entrance to the college by the governor. Was gonna do a “walk against fear” but was shot

Civil Rights act of 1964

law that banned discrimination on a basis of race, sex, national orgin, or religion in public places

De Facto Segregation

racial separation by practice of custom, not by law

De Jure Segregation

Racial separation established by law