International Phonetic Alphabet

i

"beat, we, believe"

i

High front tense unrounded vowel

ɪ

"bit, in, kiss"

ɪ

High front lax unrounded vowel

e

"late, rain, they"

e

Mid front tense unrounded vowel

ɛ

"bet, says, guest"

ɛ

Mid front lax unrounded vowel

æ

"bat, laugh, radical"

æ

Low front lax unrounded vowel

ə

"about, sofa"

ə

Mid central lax unrounded vowel

ʌ

"tough, love"

ʌ

Mid central lax unrounded vowel

a

"park (Boston), tie (Southern)"

a

Low central lax unrounded vowel

u

"boot, who, duty"

u

High back tense rounded vowel

ʊ

"put, foot, could"

ʊ

High back lax rounded vowel

o

"boat, grow, though"

o

Mid back tense rounded vowel

ɔ

"law, hawk, awe, fall"

ɔ

Mid back lax rounded vowel

ɑ

"lot, hockey, father"

ɑ

Low back lax unrounded vowel

p

"pill, caper, tap"

p

Voiceless bilabial stop

b

"bill, labor, tab"

b

Voiced bilabial stop

t

"till, petunia, bat"

t

Voiceless alveolar stop

d

"dill, seduce, pad"

d

Voiced alveolar stop

k

"kill, sicker, lick"

k

Voiceless velar stop

g

"gill, dagger, bag"

g

Voiced velar stop

f

"fill, beefy, chief"

f

Voiceless labiodental fricative

v

"villa, saving, grave"

v

Voiced labiodental fricative

θ

"thin, author, breath"

θ

Voiceless interdental fricative

ð

"then, leather, breathe"

ð

Voiced interdental fricative

s

"silly, mason, kiss"

s

Voiceless alveolar fricative

z

"zebra, deposit, shoes"

z

Voiced alveolar fricative

ʃ

"shell, rashes, rush"

ʃ

Voiceless alveopalatal fricative

ʒ

"measure, rogue"

ʒ

Voiced alveopalatal fricative

tʃ

"chill, kitchen, pitch"

tʃ

Voiceless alveopalatal affricate

dʒ

"jelly, bludgeon, fudge"

dʒ

Voiced alveopalatal affricate

m

"mill, dummy, broom"

m

Bilabial nasal

n

"nill, sunny, spoon"

n

Alveolar nasal

ŋ

"singer, sing"

ŋ

Velar nasal

h

"hill, ahoy"

h

Voiceless glottal fricative

j

"yes, beyond, toy"

j

Voiced central palatal approximant

r

"rent, berry, deer"

r

Voiced central velar approximant

l

"lilly, silly, mill"

l

Voiced lateral alveolar approximant

w

"will, away"

w

Voiced central bilabial approximant