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cell body/soma
large part of the neuron containing the nucleus and organelles
dendrites
short projections continuous with the soma and function to receive information
axon
single long projection responsible for transmitting information fro the cell body to the next cell
axon hillock
portion of the axon connecting the cell body
axon hillock
site of action potential generation
axon terminal
the end of an axon that branches slightly
axon terminal
responsible for converting the electrical impulse to a chemical signal and passing information to the next cell in line
synapse
a junction between two nerve cells
pre-synaptic neuron
the neuron sending the signal though its axon terminals
post-synaptic neuron
the neuron receiving the signal through its dendrites or cell body
action potential
an electrical impulse that travels down the axon of a neuron
neurotransmitter
a chemical that is used to communicate between neurons released when action potential reaches the axon terminal and triggers a release
local potential
triggered when neurotransmitter binds to proteins in the post-synaptic cell membrane
local potential
a small electrical impulse that fades over distance
excitatory
type of local potential in dendrites and cell body of post-synaptic neuron that causes a neuron to initiate an action potential in its axon
inhibitory
type of local potential in dendrites and cell body of post-synaptic neuron that causes a neuron to be less likely to initiate an action potential
afferent (sensory) neuron
convey impulses toward CNS from sensory receptors found throughout the body
efferent (motor) neuron
convey impulses away from CNS to a target which can be a muscle or a gland
interneuron
found within the CNS, connect afferent and efferent neurons and integrate sensory input and motor output
relfex
very fast, involuntary response to a stimulus
components of a reflex arc
receptor detects change in internal or external environment, sensory neurons transmit signal toward CNS, within CNS interneurons integrate sensory information and communicate with motor neurons, motor neurons transmit a signal to a target/effector, effector is a muscle or gland that responds to the stimulus
muscle stretch reflex
follows the five steps of a typical reflex arc and is triggered when a muscle is rapidly stretched
latency
the amount of time that passes between the initial stimulus and the response
muscle spindles
muscle fibers with sensory neuron axon terminals wrapped around them
patellar reflex
other name for a knee-jerk response like a doctor does to strike below the knee at the patellar tendon
dorsal root ganglion
where is the cell body of the afferent neuron located
ventral horn
where is the cell body of the efferent neuron located
dorsal root
where is the axon of the afferent neuron located
ventral root
where is the axon of the efferent neuron located
dorsal root ganglion
where is the synapse between the sensory and motor neurons located
white matter
contains axons of neurons that are wrapped in an insulated sheath known as myelin. myelin consists of proteins and fats and therefor appears white
grey matter
contains primarily cell bodies of the neurons of the spinal cord, they are not covered in myelin and appear darker
lateral horn
location of cell bodies of neurons in the autonomic nervous system
spinal nerve
dorsal root and ventral root off spinal cord combine to form the _______
same
was the time difference between the normal latency and jendrassik latency the: same, shorter, or longer
