Chemistry Unit 3

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35 Terms

1
periodic
a regular repeating pattern
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2
periodic table
arrangement of elements so that their physical and chemical properties follow a regular repeating pattern
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3
groups or families
columns(vertical), all have similar properties, same number of valence electrons(these electrons affect physical and chemical properties)
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4
period
rows(horiziontal)
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5
Dmitri Mendeleev
-Element 101 was named in his honor
-first to come up with a periodic table
-(1870) Organized the 63 known elements of the time in order of their atomic mass
-Saw a pattern with the number of elements that can be bonded to that element- has to do with valence electrons
-Left spaces in periodic table where it appeared an element wasn't discovered yet
-Predicted properties of unknown elements and was correct
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6
issue with Mendeleev's table
arranged his table by atomic mass instead of atomic number
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7
Henry Moseley(1910)
-Discovered atomic number(number of protons in an atom)
-Rearranged periodic table by this number and it fell into perfect order
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8
periodic law
Physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers-when elements are arranged by atomic number you should see chemical and physical properties repeating themselves
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9
Alkali Metals
Group 1 excluding H, all have 1+ charge, extremely reactive
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10
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2, all have 2+ charge
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11
Transition metals
groups 3-12, slightly reactive
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12
halogens
Group 17, extremely reactive
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13
noble gases
Group 18, extremely inactive or inert because of full valence shell
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14
lanthanide series
top row on the bottom two
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15
actinide series
bottom row on the bottom two
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16
Elements on the steps
all metalloids or semiconductors(except Al- it is a metal)
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17
Physical properties(metals)
luster, conductive, malleable, ductile, high density, high melting point(All are solid at room temperature except for Hg)
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18
Chemical properties(metals)
most metal will react with O2 or H2O to form an oxide(metal+oxygen), this is rusting or tarnishing
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19
Metals give up_____to get to a full valence shell
e-(electron)
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20
Physical properties(nonmetals)
dull, don't conduct, brittle, low density, low melting points(can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature)
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21
Nonmetals take____to get full valence shell
e-
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22
Physical properties(metalloids)
shiny or dull, conduct ok, ductile and malleable, or brittle(Al is light metal not metalloid)
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23
Avogadro's Law
The number of particles of a gas of equal volumes as equal pressures and temperatures was a constant regardless of the gas
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24
amu =
g/mol
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25
Most reactive metals(trend)
down and to the left, in a square- N-shape
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26
Most reactive nonmetal
up and right(excluding noble gases), in a square- Z-shape
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27
atomic radius(trend)
down and to the left, backwards Z-shape
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28
Ionization energy
energy required to remove an electron from an atom
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29
Ionization energy(trend)
up and to the right, backward z-shape
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30
electron affinity(trend)
up and to the right, backward z-shape
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31
oxyanions
Negative ions containing oxygen
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32
metal and nonmetal bond
ionic bond
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33
nonmetal and nonmetal bond
covalent bond
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34
nonmetal and metalloid bond
covalent bond
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35
Polyatomic and anything bond
ionic bond
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