science NEW VOCAB

Nucleus-

organelle that controls a;; the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins.

Mitosis-

cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.)

Chromosome-

structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material

Asexual reproduction-

a type of reproduction- fission budding and regeneration-in which a new organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism.

Organism-

any living thing; uses energy, is made of cells, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

Sexual reproduction-

a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.

Sperm-

haploid sex cells formed in the male reproductive organs.

Egg-

haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization-

in sexual reproduction the joining of a sperm and egg.

Zygote-

new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism.

Diploid-

cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs.

Haploid-

cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells.

Meiosis-

cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other and identical to the original nucleus , in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase , anaphase, and telophase.

Hereditary-

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

DNA-

deoxyribonucleic acid ;the genetic material of all organisms ;made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.

Gene-

section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins.

RNA-

ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Mutation-

any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial , harmful, or have little effect on an