Unit 1 key dates: Cumulative

Bering Land Bridge

A land bridge that connected Asia to North America during the Ice Age.

Three sisters farming

corn, beans, and squash were planted together in a symbiotic relationship for mutual benefit

Cahokia

largest tribe in the Americas

Maize Revolution

The natives in America using Corn (or Maize) as the crop that allowed them to develop large communities

When did Columbus land in Hispaniola

1492

Who discovered that America was a new continent?

Amerigo Vespucci

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technology, between the Old World and the New World

Cash Crops

Crops grown specifically for sale in the market to generate profit.

Climate Change

the long-term alteration of Earth's average weather patterns

Conquistadores

A Spanish/Portuguese soldier, explorer, and conqueror

Encomienda

A harsh system made by Spain to get as much money as possible from the Americas, through using Native slave labor (for mining and farming) and then having Jesuits make them Christian. 

Joint Stock system

Investors pooled their money to buy shares in a company, which then used these funds to finance a risky enterprise, such as colonizing the New World

Lancados

Portuguese settlers who settled on the coast of West Africa, or on nearby islands

Madeira Island

An island where the Portugese grew cash crops, with slave labor from Africa.

Mercantilism

Governments controlled economies to accumulate wealth, primarily in gold and silver, through a favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports)

Who convinced the queen to found Roanake?

Sir Walter Raleigh 

Roanoke

(1585- 1587) The failed English colonization attempts on Roanoke Island, North Carolina

what system of colonization did the French use in the New world?

The French used the Water-shed system - basically they claim water supplies and the land around it.

Treaty of Tordesillas

(1494), Spain gets most of the Americas while Portugal got a small piece of Brazil

When was Jamestown founded?

1607

Who built the city on a hill

John Winthrop

Who wrote the scathing indictment of Columbus?

Las Casas

what was the mayflower compact

an agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower which established the first self-governing community in Plymouth Colony

What did Sir George Yeadley achieve in Jamestown?

He instituted the House of Burgesses, which was the first representative government in America. 

Who founded Providence upon being removed from the MA bay colony?

Roger Williams in 1636

John Rolfe

(1616) - found the sweet VA tobacco (a cash crop)

Mason Dixie Border

Border right above Maryland, distinguished freed vs enslaved (north vs south)

Tide-water

Maryland and Virginia

Low-country

Carolina’s and Georgia

Back-country

geographical areas that are remote, undeveloped, isolated, or difficult to access 

what is a stratified society?

A society where a population is divided into different social layers or classes (hierarchies)

Headright system

People in the new world given 50 acres of land for free as they cultivate the land

Common Law

(1662) - slavery is passed down by the mother not the father, this was was inspired by Elizabeth Key (A freed slave) 

Bacon’s rebellion

(1676) - needs help with the native problem in the back - country, gets none from the Jamestown officials, so he stages a rebellions (burns the city down) 

When were the Carolina’s found?

1663 through joint-stock 

when did the slaves begin outnumbering the British colonists in South Carolina

1720

Johnny Oglethorpe

(1732) - set up the buffer colony of Georgia

When did Boston become the largest city in the west

1770 (capitalizes of the triangular trade)

When was New Amsterdam found and taken over?

New Amsterdam was found in 1624, however the British will take over it in 1663 and name it New York

Who and when was Pennsylvania founded

William Penn (a Quaker) found Pennsylvania in 1682

Benjamin Lay

Early Abolitionist

Who opened the log college and what was it for?

William Tennent opened america's first theological seminary

Jonathon Edwards

Used Emotions to Persuade others 

George Whitfield

A preacher who went from city to city teaching about God

Albany plan

(1754) - to solve the “native problem” all 13 colonies would get a militia (British laugh them out of court) 

Colonial wars and their American factions

• King William's War (1689–1697): The American faction of the 9 years war. 

• Queen Anne's War (1702–1713): The American faction in the Spanish wars of succession

• King George's War (1744–1748): The American faction of the Austrian Succession

• French and Indian War (1754–1763): The American faction of the 7 years war

Treaty of Paris 

(1763) - The French ditch their colonies in the new world 

Paxton boys

People in back-country go and kill a bunch of natives after the natives killed them

Proclomation line

(1763) - English Parliament creates a border that basically ends west-ward expansion for colonists

Saultary neglect

Non- enforcements of navigation acts

Navigation Acts

Tariffs (taxes on imports)

Sugar Act

1764 - British tax sugar coming into the colonies

Currency act

1764 - no paper money allowed to be printed in the colonies 

Quartering Act

1764 - Troops allowed

Stamp act

1765 - tax on legal/official documents

Sons of Liberty

led by Samuel Adams and were created to boycott taxes 

Stamp act Congress 

Delegates from nine American colonies drafted a formal response to the Stamp Act

When did Parliament resend stamp acts

1766

Declaratory act

Basically said that the British had the right to pass any laws in 13 colonies in any situation 

Townshend act

1767 - new indirect taxes (parliament rolled it back) 

Boston Massacre

1770 - the killing of five American colonists by British soldiers in Boston

Tea act

1773 - PM Lord North forces the colonies to only buy tea from the British East India company

Boston tea party

1773 - Sons of liberty dress up as natives and toss out British tea 

Intolerable acts

1774 - 

• The Boston Port Act: Boston’s port closed

• The Massachusetts Government Act: Elected Gov. officials fired and replaced with officials picked by the king

• the Administration of Justice Act: British officials to be tried outside Massachusetts

• the Quartering Act

Quebec act

1774 - extended Quebec's territory, reinstated French civil law, guaranteed religious freedom for Catholics, and established a governor-led government without an elected assembly 

Stamp act Congress

forms first congress