Ch 4 - Musculoskeletal System

3 Muscle Types

• skeletal

• cardiac

• smooth

Skeletal muscle

• voluntary muscle attracted to the bone

• can be contracted/relaxed

• enclosed by fascia (fibrous connective tissue)

Smooth

• involuntary visceral muscle

• surrounds internal organs

• contracts and relaxes to move contents through body systems

Cardiac

• heart muscle

• involuntary

• pumps blood from heart into blood vessels

Tendons

fibrous bands of tissues that attach skeletal muscle to bone

Ligaments

fibrous cord of tissue that attaches bone to bone

Bursa

• fluid filled sac

• reduces joint friction

Articular cartilage

• smooth, white rubbery tissue

• located at the end of bones in a joint

• shock absorber

Spongy bone

• cancellous bone

• porous

• mainly in epiphysis of long bones

Periosteum

tough membrane covering bones

Red bone marrow

spaces in (spongy) bones where blood cells are platelets are manufactured

Synovial joint

• ball and socket joints

• hinge joints

• secrete synovial fluid (lubricates and cushions articular cartilage)

Joint capsule

fibrous envelope surrounding synovial joints

Origin

• attachment site where muscle attaches to the bone

• does not move during contraction

• usually proximal

Insertion

• attachment site that moves during contraction

• usually distal

Antagonistic pairs

muscle pairs that work in opposition to control joint movement

Axial skeleton

• skull

• chest

• vertebral column

Appendicular skeleton

• girdle (clavicle and scapula)

• arm

• hand

• pelvic girdle

• leg

• foot

Pectoral girdle

set of bones which connect to the arm on each side (scapula, clavicle)

Pelvic girdle

ring of bone that articulates the lower limbs with the trunk