psychology unit 1

what connects the two hemispheres

corpus callosum

if you get burnt on your left arm which side of the brain would process it

right

which side is human language processed

left

which side is facial recognition ad visual thinking processed

right

hemispheric specialisation

the idea that one hemisphere has specialised functions or exerts greater control over a particular function

verbal function side

left

non verbal function side

right

what is a nerve

bundle of axons running together in the peripheral nervous system

spinal cord

bundle of nerve fibres that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back

3 components of the brain

hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

what is found in the hind brain

cerebellum, pons and medulla

what does the mid brain connect

the hindbrain and the forebrain

what does the mid brain control

arousal levels, attention and consciousness, regulation of sleep, and motor movement

what is found in the forebrain

the 2 cerebral hemispheres

where Is the medulla

hindbrain

what does the medulla control

breathing, heartbeat and digestion

what do the pons do

receive info from visual areas to control eye and body actions

what is the function of of the cerebellum

receive information from the pons and coordinate the sequence of body movement

what does the reticular formation connect

Hindbrain and forebrain

role of reticular formation

control of arousal and the sleeping and walking cycle

what are the 2 parts of the cerebrum

left and right cerebral hemispheres

where is the cerebrum found

forebrain

what is the cerebral cortex

the thin layer that covers the cerebrum

longitudinal fissure

deep grove that runs from the rear to the cortex separating the 2 cerebral hemispheres

what does the hypothalamus do

controls basic survival actions

where is the thalamus

between the cerebral cortex deep within the hemispheres

thalamus function

communication center

amygdala location

temporal lobe

amygdala function

initiating and processing emotional responses and forming emotional memories

Hippocampus Location

temporal lobe

hippocampus function

involved in transfer of info from short term to long term memory

if the parietal lobe is damages what issues will happen

Loss of understanding of spatial relations of the body, Problems in math, reading and writing, Difficulty in recognising the right and left

2 parts of the human nervous system

CNS and PNS

CNS

central nervous system

PNS

periferal nervous system

2 parts of the CNS

brain and spinal chord

2 parts of PNS

somatic and autonomic

somatic function

voluntary movement of skeletal movement

autonomic function

involuntary movement of smooth muscles, glands of organs

2 Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System

sympathetic and parasympathetic

CNS function

process info received from bodies internal and external environments and activate the appropriate response

PNS function

transmit info to and from CNS, links CNS to the rest of the body, it is the entire network of nerves located outside the CNS

parasympathetic NS function

activates rest and digest response to prepare the body deal with stress

symptoms of Parasympathetic NS

pupils contract, lower heart rate and BP, increase saliva, increase digestion, intestine contracts

sympathetic NS function

activates fight or flight response to prepare for stress

symptoms of sympathetic NS

pupils dilate, decrease saliva, increase BP and heart rate

sensory neuron function

transmits info from the sensory receptor site to the CNS

motor neuron function

transmits info from the CNS to the skeletal muscles, organs and glands (causes them to contract and relax),

dendrite function

receive info from neighbouring neurons at the receptor

soma function

maintain the health of the cell and collect and integrate info and houses the nucleus

axon function

transmits info to there neurons (wrapped in myelin sheath)

myelin sheath function

surrounds axon, speeds up the transmission, and protects the axon

axon terminal function

stores and secretes neuron transmitter

interneuron

allows communication between sensory and motor neurons

role of the synapse

allows a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or a target effector cell

role of neurotransmitter

carry chemical signals from one neuron to the next target cell

2 parts of hindbrain

medulla and cerebellum

medulla function

controls heartbeat and breathing and other vital bodily functions

cerebellum function

coordinate sequence of body movements and balance

midbrain structure

reticular formation

reticular formation function

arousal and sleeping and waking cycle

forebrain parts

hypothalamus and thalamus

Hypothalamus's function

regulate body temp, expression of emotions, 4 f's feeding, fighting, fleeing, fornication

thalamus function

communication center receives info from sensory organs but not the nose. Determines what info is most important

collateral controll

each hemisphere is responsible for the other side of the body (left controls right)

left hemisphere specialisation

math, science, problem solving, logic, language, and sense of time

right hemisphere specialisation

creative, intuition of art, imagination

frontal lobe parts

primary motor cortex, bronca's area, prefrontal cortex

primary motor cortex function

movement of skeletal muscles

prefrontal cortex function

decision making and planning, predicting outcomes, and regulating emotion

broncos area function

speech production

parietal lobe parts

primary somatosensory cortex

primary somatosensory cortex function

process sensation such as touch, temp, and pain

occipital lobe parts

primary visual cortex

primary visual cortex function

process info from eyes

temporal lobe parts

primary auditory cortex, Wernicke's area

primary auditory cortex function

process info from the ears

Wernicke's area function

language comprehension and reception, creation of grammatically correct speech

phinieas gage year and part of brain effected

1848, frontal lobe

phinieas gage discovery

frontal lobe effects personality, impulse control

split brain experiments researcher and year

Roger Sperry year 1959-1968

split brain experiment focus area and contributions

corpus callosum, with split brain you can create double memories, hemispheric specialisation role of corpus callosum

frontal lobotomy researcher and year

Walter freeman, 1936-1945

effects and contributions of frontal lobotomy

cognitive impairment, behavioural change showed the importance of ethics and function of frontal lobe

What does EEG stand for?

electroencephalogram

what does an EEG do

detects electrical activity in the brain using electrodes showing communication between electrodes

EEG applications

measures electrical activity in the brain and diagnoses sleep disorders

advantages of EEG

advantages - non-invasive, quick, inexpensive, portable

disadvantages of EEG

disadvantages - can't pinpoint exact region or brain structure, susceptible to interference

What does CT stand for?

computed tomography

description of CT

uses x-ray beams to take multiple images of different angles, shows differences in bone fluid, combines images into detailed cross sections

applications of CT

structural abnormalities, trauma setting, identify tumours

advantages of CT

fast and widely available, less expensive than MRI and FMRI

disadvantages of CT

radiation exposure, lower resolution for soft tissues than MRI, only shows structural info

what does MRI stand for

magnetic resonance imaging

what does MRI do

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to align hydrogen atoms in brain tissue, creates high-res images of brain

MRI applications

creates high resolution images, finding tumours and MS

MRI advantages

higher res than CT, can highlight different tissue types

MRI disadvantages

expensive, time consuming, magnetic

What does fMRI stand for?

functional magnetic resonance imaging