GCSE PE- Applied Anatomy and Physiology 1a

Cartilage

covers ends of bones and prevents friction between the bones

ligaments

joins bone to bone and strengthens the joint to prevent dislocations

synovial membrane

thin membrane that produces synovial fluid and lines the joint capsule

Capsule

tough fibrous tissue that surrounds synovial joints. supported by ligaments

Tendons

Attach muscle to bone

Bursae

fluid filled sac providing cushion between bones and tendons

Vertebrae

Bones that form the spine or backbone

Hinge Joint

Joint that allows flexion or extension

Ball and Socket joint

Joint that allows many movements including abduction, adduction and rotation.

Circumduction

Movement when a limb is held straight and is moved as if to draw circles.

What bones make up the Ankle joint?

Tibia, Fibula and Talus

what bones make up the hip joint?

Pelvis and Femur

what bones make up the shoulder joint?

scapula and humerus

what bones make up the elbow joint?

humerus, radius and ulna

define agonist muscle actions

the muscle which contracts to cause movement

define antagonist muscle actions

the muscle which relaxes to allow movement

define isometric muscle contraction

muscle action where the muscle stays the same length. the muscle contracts but there is no movement

define isotonic muscle contraction

muscle action where the muscle changes in length to cause movement

define isotonic concentric contractions

when the muscle contracts and SHORTENS to bring movement

define isotonic eccentric contractions

when the muscle contracts and LENGTHENS to bring about movement

Flat bones

Protect vital organs

Long bones

enable gross (large) movements

Short bones

enables fine (small) movements