CCC1 - Peripheral Vascular Disease

What are the three main ways veins can be affected in peripheral vascular disease?

Damaged from infection or injury, occluded by a blood clot, or altered due to congenital defects $

What are common etiologies of peripheral vascular disease?

Abnormal vein structure, functional abnormalities leading to venous reflux, and valvular incompetency $

List some risk factors for peripheral vascular disease.

Family history, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, previous lower extremity injury, history of venous thrombosis, prolonged standing, taller height, advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, venous insufficiency $

How does arterial PVD affect limb temperature?

Cool or cold $

How does venous PVD affect limb temperature?

Normal $

Describe the pain associated with arterial PVD.

Burning or cramping during exercise, relieved by rest in dependent position $

Describe the pain associated with venous PVD.

Aching, heaviness, or fullness in the limbs $

What skin changes are seen with arterial PVD?

Dry, scaly skin $

What skin changes are seen with venous PVD?

Thickened skin with edema $

How does arterial PVD affect skin color?

Pale with elevation, dusky red when dependent, may be cyanotic $

How does venous PVD affect skin color?

Normal or cyanotic on dependency, brown pigmentation common $

Where are arterial ulcers commonly located?

Toes, points of trauma, may develop gangrene $

Where are venous ulcers commonly located?

Sides of the ankle; stasis ulcers common $

How are pulses affected in arterial PVD?

Diminished or absent $

How are pulses affected in venous PVD?

Usually normal but may be difficult to feel due to edema $

Name common areas affected by atherosclerotic lesions in PVD.

Aorta, common iliac artery, external iliac artery, inguinal ligament, internal iliac artery, common femoral artery, deep femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, peroneal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery $

What skin changes may occur in peripheral venous disorders?

Brown pigmentation, swelling, non-healing wounds $

Describe an arterial ulcer.

Deep ulcer, sometimes a series of small ulcers $

What is dependent rubor in arterial PVD?

Red pigmentation in the limb when in a dependent position $

What is the ankle-brachial index (ABI)?

The ratio of SBP at the ankle to SBP at the arm to assess arterial perfusion $

What is plethysmography used for in PVD?

Measures blood volume changes in the limb to assess perfusion $

What do Doppler flow studies assess?

Blood flow in arteries and veins $

What is the purpose of ultrasound in PVD?

Visualizes vessel structure and blood flow $