Low Risk Antepartum

breast lobes

part of breast that fills with milk

breast ducts

part of breast that carries milk to the nipple

menstrual phase

(Days 1-5): Shedding of uterine lining

Follicular phase

(Days 1-14): Follicle development

Ovulation

(Day 14): Release of mature egg

Luteal phase

(Days 15-28): Corpus luteum activity

Proliferative Phase

uterus lining is rebuilt and thickened to prepares for a potential fertilized egg; stimulated by high estrogen

Secretory Phase

endometrium produces secretions to nourish a potential fertilized egg; progesterone is high

LH

hormone that surges to trigger ovulation

FSH

hormone that develops the follicle and stimulates estrogen production

Estrogen

hormone released in the first half of the menstrual cycle to promote ovulation

Progesterone

hormone released in the second half of the menstrual cycle to promote uterine growth

HCG

hormone that indicates pregnancy

monozygotic twins

twins that share identical DNA; identical

dizygotic twins

twins with variance in DNA; fraternal twins

placenta previa

placenta blocks cervix opening

Placenta abruption

placenta prematurely detaches from uterine wall causing maternal hemorrhage and decreased fetal oxygenation

pre-embryonic (germinal)

the first 2 weeks post conception

Embryonic period

3-8 weeks after conception

fetal period

9 weeks until birth

Leopold's Maneuvers

a technique used to feel abdomen to orient baby positioning

screening tests

tests that estimation/chance that mother or fetus has a condition

Diagnostic tests

tests that confirm mother or fetus has the condition

Nuchal translucency (NT)

ultrasound scan in first trimester that measures fluid-filled space on back of the neck -- may indicate trisomy 21

Alpha-Fetoprotein

test in the second trimester that checks for spina bifida

Gestational diabetes

caused by the placenta hormone (HPL) which increases insulin resistance

Chorion

placenta membrane closest to the mother, has fingerlike projections that attach to endometrial lining

Amnion

membrane closest to the fetus, produces amniotic fluid

umbilical cord vein

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

umbilical arteries

carry un-oxygenated blood from fetus to placenta