POL 221 1st quiz

What does the term 'world' refer to in political science?

The global system formed by the interaction of states, non-state actors, and international organizations.

What is Comparative Politics Feedback?

The process where domestic political changes or developments within one country influence the domestic politics of other countries.

What is meant by International Relations Feedback?

When the structure and dynamics of the international system exert pressure on domestic political structures of individual states.

Define the Homogeneity Effect.

The process by which political systems or societies become more similar over time.

Define the Heterogeneity Effect.

The persistence or emergence of distinct differences within or between political systems.

What are Material Interests?

Tangible goals focused on economic gain, territory, or physical security.

What are Non-Material Interests?

Intangible goals related to ideology, religion, prestige, or moral values.

How is Identity defined in political terms?

The subjective sense of belonging to a group based on traits like ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

What does politicization of identity mean?

The process by which social identities are transformed into political tools.

What does culture represent in a political context?

The shared values, beliefs, and norms of a society.

What is the dual nature of institutions?

Institutions serve as both constraints limiting actions and enablers providing a framework for cooperation.

What are Formal Institutions?

Written rules, constitutions, and laws enforced by official bodies.

What are Informal Institutions?

Unwritten norms, customs, and traditions that dictate behavior.

What does Development involve?

The multi-dimensional process involving economic growth, social change, and political institutionalization.

Why is Britain considered an early developer?

Due to its early industrialization and evolution towards parliamentary democracy without violent systemic rupture.

What are the two understandings of 'Modern'?

Chronological refers to historical era post-Middle Ages; substantive refers to specific societal characteristics.

What does the term 'government' refer to in a narrow sense?

Specifically the political executive like the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

What are the three primary pillars of modern societies?

Economically vibrant, socially stratified, and ideologically diverse.

Define the concept of the state.

A political entity with a permanent population, defined territory, and government that holds a monopoly on legitimate use of force.